Interferência das plantas daninhas no feijoeiro-comum sob épocas e densidades de semeadura diferentes
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Data
2022-11-23
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o objetivo de determinar o efeito da época e/ou a densidade de semeadura na interferência de plantas daninhas no feijoeiro-comum, foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no Brasil em duas épocas (safra das águas ou SA e safra de inverno ou SI) e dois no Peru em uma época, sendo dois experimentos por época: 15 e 10 plantas de feijoeiro m-1 (QPM e DPM) no Brasil e 12 e 8 plantas de feijoeiro m-1 (DoPM e OPM) no Peru. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em quatro repetições (Brasil e Peru), com arranjo fatorial no Brasil, sendo um fator a duração dos períodos (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 80 dias após a emergência ou DAE) e o outro fator o tipo de período (convivência e controle), ficando 14 tratamentos. No Peru, os tratamentos foram períodos crescentes de controle e convivência: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 DAE, totalizando 12 tratamentos. Realizou-se a análise fitossociológica das plantas daninhas e a regressão da sua massa seca com a produtividade. A análise de regressão não linear da produtividade foi feita para determinar o período anterior à interferência (PAI), período critico de prevenção à interferência (PCPI) e período total de prevenção à interferência (PTPI). O efeito da interferência nos componentes da produção e na qualidade dos grãos foram determinados no Brasil. As espécies predominantes foram: Nicandra physaloides (Brasil e Peru), Digitaria nuda (Brasil), Raphanus raphanistrum (Brasil), Setaria verticillata (Peru) e Sorghum halepense (Peru). Na SA, o PCPI em QPM mostrou redução em quatro dias e o PAI teve aumento em 7 DAE, em comparação com DPM. O PCPI foi cinco dias menor e o PAI foi 6 DAE maior na SI que na SA, em DPM. No Peru, em DoPM estendeu-se o PAI em 4 DAE e diminuiu-se o PCPI em 17 dias, em comparação com OPM. A interferência das plantas daninhas diminuiu a produtividade entre 34,6 a 92,9%. O efeito da interferencia das plantas daninhas nos componentes da produção e qualidade dos grãos foi semelhante nas duas densidades, exceto a proporção de grãos maiores (foi 4% maior em DPM do que em QPM na SA). A interferência provocou a menor produtividade e massa de 100 grãos, o maior tempo de hidratação do grão e a maior proporção de grãos pequenos na SI. A maior densidade de semeadura conferiu à cultura maior capacidade competitiva sobre algumas espécies de plantas daninhas na SA e safra no Peru, mas não na SI.
– In order to determine the effect of season and/or sowing density on weed interference in common bean, four experiments were carried out in Brazil in two seasons (spring-summer and winter season or SS and WS, respectively) and two in Peru in one season, with two experiments per season: 15 and 10 bean plants m-1 (FPM and TPM) in Brazil and 12 and 8 bean plants m-1 (TwPM and EPM) in Peru. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications (Brazil and Peru), in a factorial arrangement in Brazil, being a factor the duration of the periods (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 80 days after emergence or DAE) and another factor was the type of period (coexistence and control), setting 14 treatments. In Peru, the treatments were increasing periods of control and coexistence: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAE, totaling 12 treatments. Weed phytosociological survey was evaluated as well as the analysis of weed dry mass with bean productivity regression. Nonlinear regression analysis of productivity was performed to determine the period prior to interference (PPI), critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) and total period of interference prevention (TPIP). The effect of interference on yield components and grain quality was determined in Brazil. The predominant species were: Nicandra physaloides (Brazil and Peru), Digitaria nuda (Brazil), Raphanus raphanistrum (Brazil), Setaria verticillata (Peru) and Sorghum halepense (Peru). In SS, the CPIP in FPM showed a reduction in four days and PPI had an increase in 7 DAE, compared to TPM density. CPIP had five days less and PPI was 6 DAE greater in the WS than in the SS, in TPM density. In Peru, in TwPM, the PPI was extended by 4 DAE and the CPIP was reduced by 17 days, compared to EPM. Weed interference decreased productivity from 34,6 to 92,9%. The effect of weed coexistence on yield components and grain quality was similar in both densities, except for the percentage of larger grains, which was 4% greater in TPM than in FPM in the SS. Weed interference caused the lowest yield and 100- grain mass, the longest grain hydration time and the highest proportion of small grains in the WS. The higher sowing density gave the crop a greater competitive capacity over some weed species in the SS and in the harvest in Peru, but not in the WS.
– In order to determine the effect of season and/or sowing density on weed interference in common bean, four experiments were carried out in Brazil in two seasons (spring-summer and winter season or SS and WS, respectively) and two in Peru in one season, with two experiments per season: 15 and 10 bean plants m-1 (FPM and TPM) in Brazil and 12 and 8 bean plants m-1 (TwPM and EPM) in Peru. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications (Brazil and Peru), in a factorial arrangement in Brazil, being a factor the duration of the periods (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 80 days after emergence or DAE) and another factor was the type of period (coexistence and control), setting 14 treatments. In Peru, the treatments were increasing periods of control and coexistence: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAE, totaling 12 treatments. Weed phytosociological survey was evaluated as well as the analysis of weed dry mass with bean productivity regression. Nonlinear regression analysis of productivity was performed to determine the period prior to interference (PPI), critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) and total period of interference prevention (TPIP). The effect of interference on yield components and grain quality was determined in Brazil. The predominant species were: Nicandra physaloides (Brazil and Peru), Digitaria nuda (Brazil), Raphanus raphanistrum (Brazil), Setaria verticillata (Peru) and Sorghum halepense (Peru). In SS, the CPIP in FPM showed a reduction in four days and PPI had an increase in 7 DAE, compared to TPM density. CPIP had five days less and PPI was 6 DAE greater in the WS than in the SS, in TPM density. In Peru, in TwPM, the PPI was extended by 4 DAE and the CPIP was reduced by 17 days, compared to EPM. Weed interference decreased productivity from 34,6 to 92,9%. The effect of weed coexistence on yield components and grain quality was similar in both densities, except for the percentage of larger grains, which was 4% greater in TPM than in FPM in the SS. Weed interference caused the lowest yield and 100- grain mass, the longest grain hydration time and the highest proportion of small grains in the WS. The higher sowing density gave the crop a greater competitive capacity over some weed species in the SS and in the harvest in Peru, but not in the WS.
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Palavras-chave
Competição, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Controle de erva daninha, Feijão