Seleção artificial do ácaro predador Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma para fins de controle de Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)
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Data
2022-09-05
Autores
Hernandes, Letícia Molina
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Uma alternativa sustentável para o manejo de pragas, é o uso de agentes de controle biológico. O uso de ácaros predadores, principalmente da família Phytoseiidae tem se mostrado eficiente para muitas pragas. Uma espécie dessa família com potencial promissor é Euseius citrifolius. Essa espécie possui ampla distribuição na América Latina e ocorre naturalmente em diversas plantas. Devido a essas características, poderia ser utilizado em programas de manejo de pragas em monoculturas ou em outros sistemas de cultivo. Uma das pragas que E. citrifolius consome é o ácaro fitófago Raoiella indica. No entanto, para uso como agente de controle biológico é importante que o predador tenha a maior eficiência possível. Uma maneira de se conseguir essa melhoria seria através da seleção artificial, favorecendo aqueles com maior potencial de predação. Entretanto, essa seleção poderia trazer juntamente uma alteração na morfologia e desenvolvimento desse ácaro predador. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou se E. citrifolius responde positivamente a um processo de seleção artificial para aumentar sua capacidade predatória sobre R. indica e as consequências dessa seleção em sua morfologia e desenvolvimento. Para isso, foram realizadas cinco seleções artificiais em sequência, onde em cada uma foram selecionadas 50% das fêmeas que predaram mais para a próxima geração. Também foi realizada uma tabela de vida inicial para avaliar o desenvolvimento do ácaro predador. Além disso, ao final de cada seleção todas as fêmeas participantes foram montadas em lâminas com meio de Hoyer, para verificar as possíveis mudanças na morfologia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve uma seleção positiva entre a primeira e a segunda seleção, com aumento da predação, mas essa característica foi sendo perdida até a última seleção. Além disso, houve mudanças morfológicas nas medidas CED e EVA-post. em conjunto com a seleção, ou seja, as médias das medidas morfológicas se comportaram de maneira semelhante ao o que ocorreu durante a seleção. Assim, os resultados mostram que E. citrifolius responde positivamente a um processo de seleção artificial, modifica sua morfologia durante esse processo, mas essas repostas são perdidas caso haja interferências.
A sustainable alternative for pest management is the use of biological control agents. The use of predatory mites, mainly from the Phytoseiidae family, has been shown to be efficient for many pests. A species of this family with promising potential is Euseius citrifolius. This species has a wide distribution in Latin America and occurs naturally in several plants. Due to these characteristics, it could be used in pest management programs in monocultures or in other cropping systems. One of the pests that E. citrifolius consumes is the phytophagous mite Raoiella indica. However, for use as a biological control agent it is important that the predator is as efficient as possible. One way to achieve this improvement would be through artificial selection, favoring those with the greatest potential for predation. However, this selection could bring together a change in the morphology and development of this predatory mite. Thus, the present work evaluated whether E. citrifolius responds positively to an artificial selection process to increase its predatory capacity of R. indica and the consequences of this selection on its morphology and development. For this, five artificial selections were carried out in sequence, where in each one 50% of the females that preyed more were selected for the next generation. An initial life table was also performed to assess the development of the predatory mite. In addition, at the end of each selection, all participating females were mounted on slides with Hoyer's medium, to verify possible changes in morphology. The results obtained showed that there was a positive selection between the first and the second selection, with an increase in predation, but this characteristic was being lost until the last selection. In addition, there were morphological changes in the measurements of CED and EVA-post. in conjunction with the selection, that is, the averages of the morphological measures behaved similarly to what happened during the selection. Thus, the results show that E. citrifolius responds positively to an artificial selection process, modifies its morphology during this process, but these responses are lost in case of interference.
A sustainable alternative for pest management is the use of biological control agents. The use of predatory mites, mainly from the Phytoseiidae family, has been shown to be efficient for many pests. A species of this family with promising potential is Euseius citrifolius. This species has a wide distribution in Latin America and occurs naturally in several plants. Due to these characteristics, it could be used in pest management programs in monocultures or in other cropping systems. One of the pests that E. citrifolius consumes is the phytophagous mite Raoiella indica. However, for use as a biological control agent it is important that the predator is as efficient as possible. One way to achieve this improvement would be through artificial selection, favoring those with the greatest potential for predation. However, this selection could bring together a change in the morphology and development of this predatory mite. Thus, the present work evaluated whether E. citrifolius responds positively to an artificial selection process to increase its predatory capacity of R. indica and the consequences of this selection on its morphology and development. For this, five artificial selections were carried out in sequence, where in each one 50% of the females that preyed more were selected for the next generation. An initial life table was also performed to assess the development of the predatory mite. In addition, at the end of each selection, all participating females were mounted on slides with Hoyer's medium, to verify possible changes in morphology. The results obtained showed that there was a positive selection between the first and the second selection, with an increase in predation, but this characteristic was being lost until the last selection. In addition, there were morphological changes in the measurements of CED and EVA-post. in conjunction with the selection, that is, the averages of the morphological measures behaved similarly to what happened during the selection. Thus, the results show that E. citrifolius responds positively to an artificial selection process, modifies its morphology during this process, but these responses are lost in case of interference.
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Palavras-chave
Controle biológico, Phytoseiidae, Morfologia, Biological control, Morphology