Recepção e horizontes de leitura do direito na tragédia grega: Prometeu prisioneiro, Antígone e As bacantes
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Data
2021-04-09
Autores
Pereira, André Luiz Gardesani
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Estética da recepção, como vertente da literatura comparada, apresenta concepções teóricas e metodológicas adequadas para a leitura, recepção e exegese do fenômeno jurídico na tragédia grega clássica, notadamente por meio das teorias de Iser sobre o preenchimento dos vazios e negatividades do texto e de Jauss sobre a historicidade da obra literária, sob os aspectos sincrônico, diacrônico e do cruzamento entre a recepção inicial e o processo de juízos históricos de leituras. A tese parte das contribuições fornecidas pelos teóricos do Law and Literature Moviment, bem como dos estudos de literatura comparada, especialmente da confluência entre literatura e o direito. As teorias dos dois principais nomes da Escola de Konstanz, Jauss e Iser, aliadas à teoria de Eco sobre a definição de obra aberta e dos limites da interpretação, permitem, por meio da postura ativa do leitor, o estudo do fenômeno jurídico na tragédia grega clássica, de modo a alcançar o sentido mais original do texto, ou seja, aquele que o espectador provavelmente concebeu ao tempo da sua primeira fruição, bem como aferir a recepção e os efeitos produzidos ao longo da evolução das leituras na cadeia diacrônica. Esta tese também tem por escopo identificar os leitores primários e secundários da tragédia ática, sua adequação aos esquemas e classificações de leitores propostos pelos teóricos da Estética da recepção, analisar a problemática da “competência receptiva”, a atividade do leitor diante das balizas e negatividades do texto trágico e as repercussões do texto no público leitor. O corpus de pesquisa é composto por três tragédias: Prometeu prisioneiro, de Ésquilo; Antígone, de Sófocles e As bacantes, de Eurípides, selecionadas com base na articulação e no intenso diálogo intelectual que os três grandes autores trágicos desenvolvem entre si, bem como na elevada inclinação ideológica e jurídica dessas obras. Como resultado, serão obtidos novos esquemas de leitura do direito na tragédia grega, possibilitando, mediante uma participação mais incisiva do leitor, o intercâmbio entre o sistema cultural e jurídico atual e do passado grego, de modo a promover entendimentos sobre o senso de direito e de justiça, novas visões de mundo e a transformação de horizontes de expectativas.
The Aesthetics of Reception, as a branch of comparative literature, presents theoretical and methodological conceptions suitable for the reading, reception and exegesis of the legal phenomenon in classical Greek tragedy, notably through Iser's theories on filling the voids and negativities of the text and Jauss on the historicity of the literary work, under the synchronic, diachronic aspects and the crossing between the initial reception and the process of historical judgments of readings. The thesis starts from the contributions provided by theorists of Law and Literature Movement, as well as studies of comparative literature, especially the confluence between literature and law. The theories of the two main names of the Konstanz School, Jauss and Iser, combined with the theory of Eco on the definition of open work and the limits of interpretation, allow, through the reader's active stance, the study of the legal phenomenon in classical Greek tragedy, in order to achieve the most original meaning of the text, that is, the one that the viewer probably conceived at the time of its first jouissance, as well as to measure the reception and the effects produced along the evolution of the readings in the diachronic chain. Such thesis also aims to identify the primary and secondary readers of the attic tragedy, their suitability for the reader schemes and classifications proposed by Aesthetics of Reception theorists, analyze the problem of “receptive competence”, the reader's activity in the face of the bounds and negativities of the tragic text and the repercussions of the text on the reading public. The research corpus consists of three tragedies: Prometheus Bound, by Aeschylus; Antigone, by Sophocles and The Bacchae, by Eurípides, selected based on the articulation and intense intellectual dialogue that the three great tragic authors develop among themselves, as well as on high ideological and legal inclination of these works. As a result, new schemes for reading law in the Greek tragedy will be obtained, allowing, through a more incisive participation of the reader, the exchange between the current cultural and legal system and the Greek past, in order to promote understandings about the sense of law and justice, new worldviews and the transformation of horizons of expectations.
The Aesthetics of Reception, as a branch of comparative literature, presents theoretical and methodological conceptions suitable for the reading, reception and exegesis of the legal phenomenon in classical Greek tragedy, notably through Iser's theories on filling the voids and negativities of the text and Jauss on the historicity of the literary work, under the synchronic, diachronic aspects and the crossing between the initial reception and the process of historical judgments of readings. The thesis starts from the contributions provided by theorists of Law and Literature Movement, as well as studies of comparative literature, especially the confluence between literature and law. The theories of the two main names of the Konstanz School, Jauss and Iser, combined with the theory of Eco on the definition of open work and the limits of interpretation, allow, through the reader's active stance, the study of the legal phenomenon in classical Greek tragedy, in order to achieve the most original meaning of the text, that is, the one that the viewer probably conceived at the time of its first jouissance, as well as to measure the reception and the effects produced along the evolution of the readings in the diachronic chain. Such thesis also aims to identify the primary and secondary readers of the attic tragedy, their suitability for the reader schemes and classifications proposed by Aesthetics of Reception theorists, analyze the problem of “receptive competence”, the reader's activity in the face of the bounds and negativities of the tragic text and the repercussions of the text on the reading public. The research corpus consists of three tragedies: Prometheus Bound, by Aeschylus; Antigone, by Sophocles and The Bacchae, by Eurípides, selected based on the articulation and intense intellectual dialogue that the three great tragic authors develop among themselves, as well as on high ideological and legal inclination of these works. As a result, new schemes for reading law in the Greek tragedy will be obtained, allowing, through a more incisive participation of the reader, the exchange between the current cultural and legal system and the Greek past, in order to promote understandings about the sense of law and justice, new worldviews and the transformation of horizons of expectations.
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Estética da recepção, Direito e literatura, Tragédia grega, História, Interpretação, Aesthetics of reception, Law and literature, Greek tragedy, History, Interpretation