Resilience and restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and grassy woodlands

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dc.contributor.authorBuisson, Elise
dc.contributor.authorLe Stradic, Soizig [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorSilveira, Fernando A. O.
dc.contributor.authorDurigan, Giselda
dc.contributor.authorOverbeck, Gerhard E.
dc.contributor.authorFidelis, Alessandra [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, G. Wilson
dc.contributor.authorBond, William J.
dc.contributor.authorHermann, Julia-Maria
dc.contributor.authorMahy, Gregory
dc.contributor.authorAlvarado, Swanni T. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorZaloumis, Nicholas P.
dc.contributor.authorVeldman, Joseph W.
dc.contributor.institutionAix Marseille Université
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Liege
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
dc.contributor.institutionInstituto Florestal
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
dc.contributor.institutionNRF
dc.contributor.institutionTechnische Universität München – TUM
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.contributor.institutionTexas A&M University
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-06T15:57:16Z
dc.date.available2019-10-06T15:57:16Z
dc.date.issued2019-04-01
dc.description.abstractDespite growing recognition of the conservation values of grassy biomes, our understanding of how to maintain and restore biodiverse tropical grasslands (including savannas and open-canopy grassy woodlands) remains limited. To incorporate grasslands into large-scale restoration efforts, we synthesised existing ecological knowledge of tropical grassland resilience and approaches to plant community restoration. Tropical grassland plant communities are resilient to, and often dependent on, the endogenous disturbances with which they evolved – frequent fires and native megafaunal herbivory. In stark contrast, tropical grasslands are extremely vulnerable to human-caused exogenous disturbances, particularly those that alter soils and destroy belowground biomass (e.g. tillage agriculture, surface mining); tropical grassland restoration after severe soil disturbances is expensive and rarely achieves management targets. Where grasslands have been degraded by altered disturbance regimes (e.g. fire exclusion), exotic plant invasions, or afforestation, restoration efforts can recreate vegetation structure (i.e. historical tree density and herbaceous ground cover), but species-diverse plant communities, including endemic species, are slow to recover. Complicating plant-community restoration efforts, many tropical grassland species, particularly those that invest in underground storage organs, are difficult to propagate and re-establish. To guide restoration decisions, we draw on the old-growth grassland concept, the novel ecosystem concept, and theory regarding tree cover along resource gradients in savannas to propose a conceptual framework that classifies tropical grasslands into three broad ecosystem states. These states are: (1) old-growth grasslands (i.e. ancient, biodiverse grassy ecosystems), where management should focus on the maintenance of disturbance regimes; (2) hybrid grasslands, where restoration should emphasise a return towards the old-growth state; and (3) novel ecosystems, where the magnitude of environmental change (i.e. a shift to an alternative ecosystem state) or the socioecological context preclude a return to historical conditions.en
dc.description.affiliationInstitut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, Agroparc BP61207
dc.description.affiliationGembloux Agro-Bio Tech Biodiversity and Landscape unit University of Liege
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Av. 24A, 1515
dc.description.affiliationDepartamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
dc.description.affiliationLaboratório de Ecologia e Hidrologia Florestal Floresta Estadual de Assis Instituto Florestal, PO box 104
dc.description.affiliationDepartamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
dc.description.affiliationEcologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town and South African Environmental Observation Network NRF
dc.description.affiliationRestoration Ecology Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universität München – TUM
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Departamento de Geografia Ecosystem Dynamics Observatory, Av. 24A, 1515
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Botany University of Cape Town, P/Bag X3, Rondebosch
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Av. 24A, 1515
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Departamento de Geografia Ecosystem Dynamics Observatory, Av. 24A, 1515
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipIdFAPESP: #2014/12728-1
dc.format.extent590-609
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12470
dc.identifier.citationBiological Reviews, v. 94, n. 2, p. 590-609, 2019.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/brv.12470
dc.identifier.issn1469-185X
dc.identifier.issn1464-7931
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85053731805
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/188099
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofBiological Reviews
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectforest and landscape restoration
dc.subjectinvasive species
dc.subjectprescribed fire
dc.subjectrangeland management
dc.subjectsecondary grassland
dc.subjecttropical grassy biomes
dc.subjectwoody encroachment
dc.titleResilience and restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and grassy woodlandsen
dc.typeArtigo
unesp.author.lattes9816649379632045[6]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-3640-8134[1]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-9545-2285[6]

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