Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review

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dc.contributor.authorMatsumoto, Silvia T.
dc.contributor.authorMarin-Morales, Maria A. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-27T11:21:22Z
dc.date.available2014-05-27T11:21:22Z
dc.date.issued2005-06-01
dc.description.abstractDuring the last years, the emission of heavy metals to the environment has increased, causing a severe negative impact to the ecosystems and seriously compromising human health due to their mutagenic potential. Tri- (III) and hexavalent (VI) chromium (Cr) constitute the oxidative states of the metal chromium that are active in living organisms. These two oxidation states of the chromium differ with regards to their cellular effects, mainly due to the different abilities they possess in relation to easy of transport through biological membranes. Cr VI is transported into the cell through transference channels of endogenous anions that are isostructural and isoelectronical to Cr VI, such as SO 4 -2 and HPO 4 -2. On the other hand, Cr III is unable to diffuse through the cell membrane. Its existence inside the cells is generally due to the reduction of Cr VI, the endocytosis, or the absortion by the cells via phagocytosis. Cr III acts directly on the DNA molecule, while Cr VI reacts little with this molecule. In the ecosystem, however, Cr VI is more dangerous since this is the form that presents greater reactivity with biological membranes, crossing them and being easily incorporated into the cell. In the cell it is biotransformed to Cr III, a potentially mutagenic molecule. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that organisms exposed to Cr VI present greater induction to a variety of damages to the DNA molecule. Among the damages induced by Cr, changes in the structure of the DNA molecule have been reported, with breaks of the major chain and base oxidation. In the organisms, these alterations generate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchanges, and errors in DNA synthesis.en
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro/SP
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Av.24-A, 1515, Cep: 13506-900, Rio Claro/SP
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro/SP
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Av.24-A, 1515, Cep: 13506-900, Rio Claro/SP
dc.format.extent77-85
dc.identifier.citationRevista Brasileira de Toxicologia, v. 18, n. 1, p. 77-85, 2005.
dc.identifier.issn1415-2983
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-27844546112
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/68282
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofRevista Brasileira de Toxicologia
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso aberto
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectChromium
dc.subjectGenotoxicity
dc.subjectHeavy metal
dc.subjectanion
dc.subjectchromium
dc.subjectDNA
dc.subjectphosphate
dc.subjectsulfate
dc.subjectbiotransformation
dc.subjectcell activity
dc.subjectcell membrane
dc.subjectchemical structure
dc.subjectchromosome aberration
dc.subjectconference paper
dc.subjectDNA damage
dc.subjectDNA structure
dc.subjectDNA synthesis
dc.subjectecosystem
dc.subjectendocytosis
dc.subjectenvironment
dc.subjectgenotoxicity
dc.subjecthealth
dc.subjectin vitro study
dc.subjectin vivo study
dc.subjectmicronucleus
dc.subjectmutagenicity
dc.subjectoxidation
dc.subjectphagocytosis
dc.subjectreduction
dc.subjectsister chromatid exchange
dc.subjecttoxicity
dc.titleToxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A reviewen
dc.typeTrabalho apresentado em evento
unesp.campusUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claropt

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Artigos - Biologia - IBRC