A experiência corpórea do sujeito preto na obra Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas, de Frantz Fanon
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Data
2023-02-16
Autores
Cruz, Rafaela dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho, de cunho teórico-conceitual, analisaremos e discutiremos o pensamento do filósofo Frantz Fanon na obra Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas. Nosso interesse reside em identificar como o autor descreve a experiência corpórea do sujeito preto no interior dess a obra. Buscamos evidenciar a relação que o autor estabelece entre construção social pós-colonial da imagem objetificada do preto e sua existência encarnada nessa realidade. Abordaremos o problema da experiência corpórea do preto a partir do conceito fanoniano de “sociogenia”. O conceito refere-se à vinculação do enquadre dos processos históricos e sociais no que diz respeito à opressão racista na constituição da subjetividade do preto na modernidade. Para ele, a violência racista moderna consiste em imprimir em todas as instâncias sociais imagens fantasmagóricas da população preta. Isso exige tratar da constituição dessas abstrações que “fixam” o corpo negro na ideia irracional de coisa, de modo que a realidade corpórea é impedida de se humanizar. Nesse contexto, existe a ilusão, por parte do indivíduo preto, de que ao embranquecer estará se aproximando de ser um “humano verdadeiro”. No primeiro capítulo, realizamos uma contextualização histórica e social tanto da obra como da vida de Fanon. O segundo capítulo é dedicado às descrições fanonianas dos processos de racialização e da imposição da cultura branca. Por fim, circunscrevemos a experiência vivida do preto descrita por Fanon. Encontramos, nessa análise, um diálogo de Fanon com a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, especialmente com a sua teoria corporal. Destacamos, a partir disso, os conceitos fanonianos de esquema histórico-racial e esquema epidérmico-racial como prolongamentos conceituais da noção de esquema corporal merleau-pontyano. Consideramos que Fanon descreve um “curto-circuito” do esquema corporal do preto, instituído pelo olhar do racista.
In this work, of a theoretical-conceptual nature, we will analyze and discuss the thought of the philosopher Frantz Fanon in the work Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas. Our interest lies in identifying how the author describes the corporeal experience of the black subject within this work. We seek to highlight the relationship that the author establishes between the postcolonial social construction of the objectified image of black people and their existence embodied in this reality. We will approach the problem of the corporeal experience of blacks from the fanonian concept of “sociogeny”. The concept refers to linking the framework of historical and social processes with regard to racist oppression in the constitution of black subjectivity in modernity. For him, modern racist violence consists of imprinting ghostly images of the black population on all social instances. This requires dealing with the constitution of these abstractions that “fix” the black body in the irrational idea of thing, in such a way that corporeal reality is prevented from being humanized. In this context, there is the illusion, on the part of the black individual, that by whitening he will be approaching being a “true human”. In the first chapter, we carry out a historical and social contextualization of both Fanon's work and life. The second chapter is devoted to Fanonian descriptions of the processes of racialization and the imposition of white culture. Finally, we circumscribe the lived experience of black described by Fanon. In this analysis, we find a dialogue between Fanon and MerleauPonty's phenomenology, especially with his bodily theory. Based on this, we highlight the Fanonian concepts of historical-racial schema and epidermal-racial schema as conceptual extensions of Merleau-Ponty's notion of body schema. We believe that Fanon describes a “short circuit” of the black body scheme, instituted by the racist gaze
In this work, of a theoretical-conceptual nature, we will analyze and discuss the thought of the philosopher Frantz Fanon in the work Pele Negra, Máscaras Brancas. Our interest lies in identifying how the author describes the corporeal experience of the black subject within this work. We seek to highlight the relationship that the author establishes between the postcolonial social construction of the objectified image of black people and their existence embodied in this reality. We will approach the problem of the corporeal experience of blacks from the fanonian concept of “sociogeny”. The concept refers to linking the framework of historical and social processes with regard to racist oppression in the constitution of black subjectivity in modernity. For him, modern racist violence consists of imprinting ghostly images of the black population on all social instances. This requires dealing with the constitution of these abstractions that “fix” the black body in the irrational idea of thing, in such a way that corporeal reality is prevented from being humanized. In this context, there is the illusion, on the part of the black individual, that by whitening he will be approaching being a “true human”. In the first chapter, we carry out a historical and social contextualization of both Fanon's work and life. The second chapter is devoted to Fanonian descriptions of the processes of racialization and the imposition of white culture. Finally, we circumscribe the lived experience of black described by Fanon. In this analysis, we find a dialogue between Fanon and MerleauPonty's phenomenology, especially with his bodily theory. Based on this, we highlight the Fanonian concepts of historical-racial schema and epidermal-racial schema as conceptual extensions of Merleau-Ponty's notion of body schema. We believe that Fanon describes a “short circuit” of the black body scheme, instituted by the racist gaze
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Frantz Fanon, Racismo, Corpo preto, Psicologia Social