Estudo fitoquímico, variação climática e potencial biológico dos cladódios de variedades comerciais de pitaya
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Data
2023-01-13
Autores
Kamikawachi, Renan Canute
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A busca por novas fontes de fármacos é incessável. A vasta biodiversidade brasileira a torna um objeto de estudos extremamente importante. Nesse contexto, dentre os cactos, o gênero Selenicereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, que produz espécies popularmente conhecidas como pitaya, chama atenção pelo alto valor de seu fruto. Grande parte dos estudos acerca do gênero Selenicereus está restrita aos frutos. A utilização dos frutos para a produção de fármacos apresenta dois problemas: 1) depende da época da frutificação e 2 ) a produção de fármacos compete com o mercado alimentício. Por outro lado, os cladódios (ramos) são presentes independentemente da sazonalidade, não apresentam alto valor de mercado, são produtos resultantes da poda e apresentam atividade antioxidante equiparável ao fruto. Para explorar essa lacuna de informação, investigamos a composição química sazonal (12 meses), a atividade antioxidante e atividade antiproliferativa dos cladódios de 17 variedades comerciais de Selenicereus. Foram preparados extratos metanólicos de cada uma das variedades coletadas, que foram analisadas por HPLC-ESI-IT-MSn para obtenção de dados estruturais e metabólicos. O metaboloma revelou a presença de flavonoides derivados do Kaempferol, Isorhamnetina e Quercetina com até seis unidades glicosídicas. A análise através de plataforma GNPS evidenciou que esses flavonoides têm distribuição quali e quantitativamente diferentes em cada variedade, e que ocorrem flutuações na concentração dos flavonoides no decorrer do ano. A atividade antioxidante de cada uma das variedades refletiu a flutuação da variação quali e quantitativa dos flavonoides ao longo do ano. Entretanto, pelo menos cinco amostras promoveram a inibição de DPPH acima de 70%. Dentre as cinco amostras selecionadas, apenas Zamorano 06 promoveu atividade antiproliferativa e apresentou EC50 de 278 μg/mL. As amostras selecionadas não apresentaram genotoxicidade nem toxicidade aguda em Danio rerio. Através da desreplicação, sugerimos que a atividade apresentada por Zamorano 06 está relacionada às substâncias dihidroquercetina, isorhamnetina3-O-glicosideo, quercetina-3-O-glicosideo e isorhamnetina 3-(4Rhagalactosilrobinobiosideo) e também sugerimos que outras nove amostras possam apresentar atividade antiproliferativa, pois estão no mesmo cluster que Zamorano 06.
The search for new sources of drugs is incessant. The vast Brazilian biodiversity makes it an extremely important object of study. In this context, among cacti, the genus Selenicereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, which produces species popularly known as pitaya, draws attention to the high value of its fruit. Most of the studies about the genus Selenicereus are restricted to fruits. The use of fruits for the production of drugs presents two problems: 1) it depends on the fruiting season and 2) the production of drugs competes with the food market. On the other hand, cladodes (branches) are present regardless of seasonality, do not have a high market value, are products resulting from pruning and have antioxidant activity comparable to the fruit. To explore this information gap, we investigated the seasonal chemical composition (12 months), antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity of cladodes of 17 commercial varieties of Selenicereus. Methanolic extracts were prepared from each of the collected varieties, which were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-ITMSn and by FIA-ESI-IT-MSn to obtain structural and metabolic data. The metabolome revealed the presence of flavonoids derived from Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin and Quercetin with up to six saccharide units. The analysis using the GNPS platform showed that these flavonoids have a qualitatively and quantitatively different distribution in each variety, and that there are fluctuations in the concentration of flavonoids throughout the year. The antioxidant activity of each variety reflected the fluctuation of the qualitative and quantitative variation of flavonoids throughout the year. However, at least five samples promoted DPPH inhibition above 70%. Among the five selected samples, only Zamorano 06 promoted antiproliferative activity and presented an EC50 of 278 μg/mL. The selected samples did not show genotoxicity neither acute toxicity in Danio rerio. Through dereplication, we suggest that the activity presented by Zamorano 06 is related to the substances dihydroquercetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-(4Rha-galactosilrobinobioside) and we also suggest that other nine samples may present antiproliferative activity, as they are in the same cluster as Zamorano 06.
The search for new sources of drugs is incessant. The vast Brazilian biodiversity makes it an extremely important object of study. In this context, among cacti, the genus Selenicereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose, which produces species popularly known as pitaya, draws attention to the high value of its fruit. Most of the studies about the genus Selenicereus are restricted to fruits. The use of fruits for the production of drugs presents two problems: 1) it depends on the fruiting season and 2) the production of drugs competes with the food market. On the other hand, cladodes (branches) are present regardless of seasonality, do not have a high market value, are products resulting from pruning and have antioxidant activity comparable to the fruit. To explore this information gap, we investigated the seasonal chemical composition (12 months), antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity of cladodes of 17 commercial varieties of Selenicereus. Methanolic extracts were prepared from each of the collected varieties, which were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-ITMSn and by FIA-ESI-IT-MSn to obtain structural and metabolic data. The metabolome revealed the presence of flavonoids derived from Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin and Quercetin with up to six saccharide units. The analysis using the GNPS platform showed that these flavonoids have a qualitatively and quantitatively different distribution in each variety, and that there are fluctuations in the concentration of flavonoids throughout the year. The antioxidant activity of each variety reflected the fluctuation of the qualitative and quantitative variation of flavonoids throughout the year. However, at least five samples promoted DPPH inhibition above 70%. Among the five selected samples, only Zamorano 06 promoted antiproliferative activity and presented an EC50 of 278 μg/mL. The selected samples did not show genotoxicity neither acute toxicity in Danio rerio. Through dereplication, we suggest that the activity presented by Zamorano 06 is related to the substances dihydroquercetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-(4Rha-galactosilrobinobioside) and we also suggest that other nine samples may present antiproliferative activity, as they are in the same cluster as Zamorano 06.
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Palavras-chave
perfil de metabólito, flavonoides, GNPS, antioxidante