The effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo's processing efficiency theory

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dc.contributor.authorWilliams, A. Mark
dc.contributor.authorVickers, Joan
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Sergio [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionLiverpool John Moores Univ.
dc.contributor.institutionUniv. of Calgary
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-28T19:55:32Z
dc.date.available2022-04-28T19:55:32Z
dc.date.issued2002-01-01
dc.description.abstractProcessing efficiency theory predicts that anxiety reduces the processing capacity of working memory and has detrimental effects on performance. When tasks place little demand on working memory, the negative effects of anxiety can be avoided by increasing effort. Although performance efficiency decreases, there is no change in performance effectiveness. When tasks impose a heavy demand on working memory, however, anxiety leads to decrements in efficiency and effectiveness. These presumptions were tested using a modified table tennis task that placed low (LWM) and high (HWM) demands on working memory. Cognitive anxiety was manipulated through a competitive ranking structure and prize money. Participants' accuracy in hitting concentric circle targets in predetermined sequences was taken as a measure of performance effectiveness, while probe reaction time (PRT), perceived mental effort (RSME), visual search data, and arm kinematics were recorded as measures of efficiency. Anxiety had a negative effect on performance effectiveness in both LWM and HWM tasks. There was an increase in frequency of gaze and in PRT and RSME values in both tasks under high vs. low anxiety conditions, implying decrements in performance efficiency. However, participants spent more time tracking the ball in the HWM task and employed a shorter tau margin when anxious. Although anxiety unpaired performance effectiveness and efficiency, decrements in efficiency were more pronounced in the HWM task than in the LWM task, providing support for processing efficiency theory.en
dc.description.affiliationRes. Inst. for Sport/Exerc. Sciences Liverpool John Moores Univ., 15-21 Webster St., Liverpool L3 2ET
dc.description.affiliationFaculty of Kinesiology Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. T2N 1N4
dc.description.affiliationDept. of Phys Ed UNESP, Sao Paulo 17033-360
dc.description.affiliationUnespDept. of Phys Ed UNESP, Sao Paulo 17033-360
dc.format.extent438-455
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.24.4.438
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, v. 24, n. 4, p. 438-455, 2002.
dc.identifier.doi10.1123/jsep.24.4.438
dc.identifier.issn0895-2779
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-0036449194
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/224261
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectCognition
dc.subjectEffectiveness
dc.subjectEmotion
dc.titleThe effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo's processing efficiency theoryen
dc.typeResenha
unesp.departmentFísica - FCpt

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