Níveis de suplementação de fitase para galinhas poedeiras
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Data
2023-08-15
Autores
Moura, Thaila Fernanda
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Uma estratégia nutricional para suprir as necessidades de fósforo (P) em monogástricos é alcançada pelo fornecimento de fontes inorgânicas como o fosfato bicálcico, porém as fontes de fósforo inorgânicas são finitas. Outra estratégia nutricional trata da liberação do fósforo ligado à molécula de fitato, que, além de ter baixa digestibilidade, leva à formação de complexos com outros nutrientes. Dessa forma, os nutricionistas utilizam a enzima fitase para liberar parte do P limitando a influência negativa do fitato. Atualmente, o uso de doses de fitase acima do recomendado, além de permitir reduzir o uso de fontes minerais de fósforo, hidrolisa de forma mais eficiente o P da molécula de fitato em alimentos vegetais. Devido à preocupação com o esgotamento das fontes minerais de fósforo, a retirada total dessa fonte mineral juntamente com o aumento da dose de fitase acima do seu nível recomendado se tornará uma estratégia nutricional futura. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da fitase sobre a produtividade de ovos, qualidade da casca e composição corporal de poedeiras alimentadas com dietas isentas de fósforo inorgânico e com níveis reduzidos de energia e nutrientes de 23 a 72 semanas de idade. Um total de 560 Hy-Line W80 (4 galinhas/gaiola × 28 réplicas de gaiola por tratamento) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos experimentais. Uma dieta controle positivo (PC) foi formulada para conter os níveis recomendados de energia e nutrientes. Uma dieta basal (controle negativo, NC) foi formulada para conter 0,12% de fósforo disponível (avP) e com níveis reuduzidos de energia e nutrientes em comparação com a ração PC. A fitase foi suplementada na dieta NC a 300, 600 e 900 FTU/kg de ração. As respostas avaliadas foram desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, composição corporal e composição da tíbia. Os dados foram analisados em medidas repetidas no tempo, contendo dois fatores (suplementação de fitase e tempo). Contrastes ortogonais e polinomiais foram aplicados para investigar as respostas das galinhas poedeiras com 5% de probabilidade. No geral, o consumo de ração, a taxa de postura e a massa de ovos foram afetados pela redução do avP da dieta (P<0,05), e os níveis crescentes de suplementação de fitase recuperaram essas respostas. As poedeiras que consumiram a ração NC com 900 FTU de fitase produziram mais ovos por ave alojada e ovos comercializáveis. A composição corporal não foi afetada pela redução do avP (P>0,05). Durante as primeiras 12 semanas de experimento, o desempenho das galinhas consumindo a dieta NC foi severamente afetado e a suplementação com fitase foi eficiente em minimizar esses efeitos. Recomenda-se a suplementação de 900 FTU de fitase para melhorar o número de ovos produzidos por ave e o número de ovos comercializáveis para galinhas poedeiras de 23 a 72 semanas de idade.
A nutritional strategy to meet the phosphorus requirements in monogastric is achieved by the supply of inorganic phosphorus sources such as dicalcium phosphate, but the global sources of dicalcium phosphate releasing of the are finite. Another nutritional strategy deal with phosphorous bound to the the phytate molecule, which, in addition to having low digestibility, leads to the formation of complexes with other nutrients. In this way, nutritionists use the enzyme phytase to release part of the phytate P , limiting the negative influence of phytate. Nowadays, the use of phytase doses above recommended levels, besides allowing reduce the use of phosphorous mineral sources, hydrolyzes more efficiently the P from the phytate molecule in vegetal feedstuffs. Due to the concern about inorganic phosphorous sources, the total withdrawal of this mineral source together with an increase in phytase dose above their recommended level , nutritional strat egy. Therefore, the will become a future objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytase over egg productivity, eggshell quality, and body composition of laying hens with an inorganic phosphorusfed free diet reduced in energy and nutrients from 23 to 72 weeks of age. A total of 560 HyLine W80 (4 hens/cage × 28 cage replicates per treatment) were randomly assigned to five experimental treatments. A positive control feed (PC) was formulated to contain the recommended levels of energy and nutrients. A basal negativ e control feed (NC) was formulated to contain 0.12% of available phosphorus (avP) and reduced energy and nutrients in comparison with PC feed. Phytase was supplemented in the NC feed at 300, 600, and 900 FTU/kg of feed. The responses evaluated were performance, egg quality, body composition, and tibia composition. Data were analyzed by a two factor repeated measure analysis and orthogonal and polynomial contrasts were applied to investigate the responses of laying hens with 5% probability. Overall, the feed intake, rate of lay, and egg mass were affected by the reduction in dietary avP (P<0.05), and the crescent levels of phytase supplementation recovered those responses. Laying hens consuming the NC feed with 900 FTU of phytase produced more eggs per henho used and marketable eggs. The body composition was not affected by dietary avP reduction (P>0.05). During the first 12 weeks of trial, the performance of hens in the negative control treatment was severely affected and phytase supplementation was efficient in minimizing those effects. The supplementation of 900 FTU of phytase is recommended to improve the number of eggs produced per henhoused and the number of marketable eggs produced through 23 to 72 weeks of age.
A nutritional strategy to meet the phosphorus requirements in monogastric is achieved by the supply of inorganic phosphorus sources such as dicalcium phosphate, but the global sources of dicalcium phosphate releasing of the are finite. Another nutritional strategy deal with phosphorous bound to the the phytate molecule, which, in addition to having low digestibility, leads to the formation of complexes with other nutrients. In this way, nutritionists use the enzyme phytase to release part of the phytate P , limiting the negative influence of phytate. Nowadays, the use of phytase doses above recommended levels, besides allowing reduce the use of phosphorous mineral sources, hydrolyzes more efficiently the P from the phytate molecule in vegetal feedstuffs. Due to the concern about inorganic phosphorous sources, the total withdrawal of this mineral source together with an increase in phytase dose above their recommended level , nutritional strat egy. Therefore, the will become a future objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytase over egg productivity, eggshell quality, and body composition of laying hens with an inorganic phosphorusfed free diet reduced in energy and nutrients from 23 to 72 weeks of age. A total of 560 HyLine W80 (4 hens/cage × 28 cage replicates per treatment) were randomly assigned to five experimental treatments. A positive control feed (PC) was formulated to contain the recommended levels of energy and nutrients. A basal negativ e control feed (NC) was formulated to contain 0.12% of available phosphorus (avP) and reduced energy and nutrients in comparison with PC feed. Phytase was supplemented in the NC feed at 300, 600, and 900 FTU/kg of feed. The responses evaluated were performance, egg quality, body composition, and tibia composition. Data were analyzed by a two factor repeated measure analysis and orthogonal and polynomial contrasts were applied to investigate the responses of laying hens with 5% probability. Overall, the feed intake, rate of lay, and egg mass were affected by the reduction in dietary avP (P<0.05), and the crescent levels of phytase supplementation recovered those responses. Laying hens consuming the NC feed with 900 FTU of phytase produced more eggs per henho used and marketable eggs. The body composition was not affected by dietary avP reduction (P>0.05). During the first 12 weeks of trial, the performance of hens in the negative control treatment was severely affected and phytase supplementation was efficient in minimizing those effects. The supplementation of 900 FTU of phytase is recommended to improve the number of eggs produced per henhoused and the number of marketable eggs produced through 23 to 72 weeks of age.
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Palavras-chave
Alimentos aditivos, Ovos Produção, Nutrição Animal, Alimentação e rações, Aves domésticas