Produção de biogás via integração lavoura-pecuária a partir do resíduo lignocelulósico do lúpulo e dejeto de bovinos
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Data
2024-01-18
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A bioenergia, especialmente o biogás, vem despertando grande interesse mundial devido à crescente demanda energética e viabilidade técnico-econômica. Neste mercado, os dejetos bovinos, muitas vezes mal gerenciados e poluentes, são uma fonte de energia significativa, com volume expressivo de matéria-prima. Além disso, devido à expansão do cultivo de lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) no Brasil, os resíduos gerados em sua poda também podem ser utilizados na digestão anaeróbica (DA), sendo uma alternativa de manejo e aproveitamento. Sendo assim, a junção destes resíduos pode promover uma integração da cadeia lavoura-pecuária, proporcionando um manejo adequado através da geração de bioenergia e biofertilizante. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial metanogênico do resíduo da cultura do lúpulo em processos de mono e co-digestão (co-DA) com dejetos de bovinos. A biomassa lignocelulósica foi pré-tratada hidrotermicamente em três condições, 175, 190 e 205°C por 10 min, visando avaliar como a severidade do processo influencia na biodegradabilidade do material. Os ensaios de DA foram avaliados empregando a biomassa in-natura, pré-tratada integralmente (lama) e utilizando apenas a fração líquida (hidrolisado hemicelulósico, HH), em processos de mono e co-DA. Ao final do processo, o digestato de cada ensaio foi avaliado quimicamente e biologicamente a fim de mensurar as modificações na microbiota e seu potencial de aplicabilidade. Os resultados indicaram que a condição mais severa de pré-tratamento (205°C, 10 min) proporcionou a maior produção acumulada de biometano em processos de mono e co-DA, empregando tanto o HH quanto a lama de pré-tratamento. Nesta condição, considerando o processo de mono-DA, a lama e o HH proporcionaram uma produção de biometano 84,78 e 57,27% maior, respectivamente, quando comparado à biomassa in-natura. Já para o processo de co-DA, a mistura da lama com o dejeto promoveu um aumento da produção de biometano de 220,66% quando comparado a mistura da biomassa in-natura com o dejeto. Quanto a mistura de HH e dejeto, houve um aumento de 167,45% na produção de biometano em relação à mistura da biomassa in-natura e dejeto, demonstrando, em ambos os casos, a importância da etapa de pré-tratamento da biomassa. As análises do digestato indicaram seu potencial como biofertilizante, demonstrando a presença de nutrientes essenciais disponíveis para a nutrição de plantas. A microbiota detectada nos digestatos apresentou grupos de bactérias e arqueas essencialmente relevantes para as diferentes etapas do processo de DA, indicando bom desempenho do sistema e a falta de patógenos ao final do processo.
Bioenergy, especially biogas, has been attracting great interest worldwide due to growing energy demand and technical-economic viability. In this market, cattle waste, often poorly managed and polluting, is a significant source of energy, with a significant volume of raw material. Furthermore, due to the expansion of hop cultivation (Humulus lupulus L.) in Brazil, the residues generated from its pruning can also be used in anaerobic digestion (AD), providing an alternative for management and use. Therefore, combining these residues can promote integration of the crop-livestock chain, providing adequate management through the generation of bioenergy and biofertilizers. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the methanogenic potential of hop crop residue in mono- and co-digestion (co-DA) processes with cattle waste. The lignocellulosic biomass was pre-treated hydrothermally under three conditions, 175, 190, and 205°C for 10 min, aiming to evaluate how the severity of the process influences the biodegradability of the material. The AD assays were evaluated using raw biomass, pretreated (slurry), and using only the liquid fraction (hemicellulosic hydrolyzate, HH), in mono and co-AD processes. At the end of the process, of each assay was chemically and biologically evaluated to measure the changes in the microbiota and their potential applicability. The results indicated that the most severe pretreatment condition (205°C, 10 min) provided a greater accumulated production of biomethane in mono- and co-AD processes, employing both HH and slurry. In this condition, considering the mono-AD process, the slurry and HH provided 84.78 and 57.27% higher biomethane production, respectively, when compared to raw biomass. As for the co-AD process, mixing slurry with manure promoted an increase in biomethane production of 220.66% compared to mixing raw biomass with manure. As for the mixture of HH and manure, there was a 167.45% increase in biomethane production concerning the mixture of raw biomass and manure, demonstrating, in both cases, the importance of the pretreatment step. Analyzes of the digestate indicated its potential as a biofertilizer, demonstrating the presence of essential nutrients available for plant nutrition. The microbiota detected in the digestates presented groups of bacteria and archaea essentially relevant to the different stages of the AD process, indicating the good performance of the system and the lack of pathogens at the end of the process.
Bioenergy, especially biogas, has been attracting great interest worldwide due to growing energy demand and technical-economic viability. In this market, cattle waste, often poorly managed and polluting, is a significant source of energy, with a significant volume of raw material. Furthermore, due to the expansion of hop cultivation (Humulus lupulus L.) in Brazil, the residues generated from its pruning can also be used in anaerobic digestion (AD), providing an alternative for management and use. Therefore, combining these residues can promote integration of the crop-livestock chain, providing adequate management through the generation of bioenergy and biofertilizers. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the methanogenic potential of hop crop residue in mono- and co-digestion (co-DA) processes with cattle waste. The lignocellulosic biomass was pre-treated hydrothermally under three conditions, 175, 190, and 205°C for 10 min, aiming to evaluate how the severity of the process influences the biodegradability of the material. The AD assays were evaluated using raw biomass, pretreated (slurry), and using only the liquid fraction (hemicellulosic hydrolyzate, HH), in mono and co-AD processes. At the end of the process, of each assay was chemically and biologically evaluated to measure the changes in the microbiota and their potential applicability. The results indicated that the most severe pretreatment condition (205°C, 10 min) provided a greater accumulated production of biomethane in mono- and co-AD processes, employing both HH and slurry. In this condition, considering the mono-AD process, the slurry and HH provided 84.78 and 57.27% higher biomethane production, respectively, when compared to raw biomass. As for the co-AD process, mixing slurry with manure promoted an increase in biomethane production of 220.66% compared to mixing raw biomass with manure. As for the mixture of HH and manure, there was a 167.45% increase in biomethane production concerning the mixture of raw biomass and manure, demonstrating, in both cases, the importance of the pretreatment step. Analyzes of the digestate indicated its potential as a biofertilizer, demonstrating the presence of essential nutrients available for plant nutrition. The microbiota detected in the digestates presented groups of bacteria and archaea essentially relevant to the different stages of the AD process, indicating the good performance of the system and the lack of pathogens at the end of the process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bioenergia, Manejo de resíduos, Caule de lúpulo, Pré-tratamento, Biometano, Bioenergy, Waste management, Hop stem, Pretreatment, Biomethane
Como citar
PEREIRA, E. G. Produção de biogás via integração lavoura-pecuária a partir do resíduo lignocelulósico do lúpulo e dejeto de bovinos. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2024.