Uma hagiografia poética de José de Anchieta: o "Orfeu Brasílico", do Padre Francisco de Almeida
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2024-02-06
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta tese é a discussão sobre a perspectiva literária que atuou sobre o processo de mitificação do Padre José de Anchieta, notadamente com foco na obra Orfeu Brasílico, documento que homenageou o padre na ocasião de recebimento do título de Venerável, numa sessão acadêmica, com composições que imitavam os modelos de escrita greco-romana, escritas integralmente em latim. O texto foi editado e organizado pelo professor de retórica da Companhia de Jesus da Bahia, o Pe. Francisco de Almeida. O festejo ocorreu em 1736 e a publicação saiu em 1737, em Lisboa, patrocinada por Mauro de Almeida, pai do organizador. A importância do tratamento de Anchieta como mito se legitima pelo fato de, naquele momento e mesmo com sua canonização consumada em 2014, havia pouca comprovação de milagres, por isso o uso do recurso de passagem do místico para o mítico, lendário, dessa forma o texto poético, por ser a gênese do mito, adequa-se a esse propósito. A edição sobre a qual perfez esse trabalho foi a publicada em 1998 fac-similar pelo professor Sebastião Tavares Pinho, da Universidade de Coimbra. Pinho e sua equipe analisaram dois exemplares, um encontrado na Biblioteca da Academia de Ciências de Lisboa e o outro na Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, porém a de Lisboa estava mais conservada e a partir dela que foi publicada a edição coimbrã. Para fundamentar essa proposta, considera-se que o documento surgiu de uma Ordem que já nasceu letrada, que construiu colégios e dominou universidades mundo a fora, além de a tipografia massivamente ter sido dominada pela Igreja Católica. Além disso, realizaram-se leituras de hagiografias e cartas encontradas em bibliotecas brasileiras (de modo on-line), com finalidade de compreensão do Anchieta persona (memória dos poetas) e o histórico; esses estudos se basearam ainda no prefácio da edição fac-similada, em que a professora Maria Aparecida Ribeiro afirma a influência de duas obras, a do Pe. Paternina e a do Pe. Simão de Vasconcellos, de onde os inacianos retiraram os argumentos para as suas criações. Como fundamentação, Anchieta é o mito alegórico, muito similar ao que ocorreu em Os Lusíadas, em que a história do país foi cantada de forma literária. Com o uso de uma escrita aguda, o livro pode ser considerado academicista.
The objective of this thesis is to discuss the literary perspective that acted on the process of mythification of Father José de Anchieta, notably focusing on the work Orfeu Brasilico, a document that honored the priest on the occasion of receiving the title of Venerable, in an academic session, with compositions imitating Greco-Roman writing models, written entirely in Latin. The text was edited and organized by the professor of rhetoric of the Society of Jesus in Bahia, Father Francisco de Almeida. The celebration took place in 1736 and the publication came out in 1737, in Lisbon, sponsored by Mauro de Almeida, father of the organizer. The importance of treating Anchieta as a myth is legitimized by the fact that, at that time and even with his canonization completed in 2014, there was little proof of miracles, hence the use of the resource of passing from the mystical to the mythical, legendary, thus the poetic text, as it is the genesis of myth, suits this purpose. The edition on which this work was completed was the one published in 1998 as a facsimile by professor Sebastião Tavares Pinho, from the University of Coimbra. Pinho and his team analyzed two copies, one found in the Library of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences and the Other in the National Library of Rio de Janeiro, but the one in Lisbon was better preserved and from there the Coimbra edition was published. To substantiate this proposal, it is considered that the document arose from an Order that was born literate, which built colleges and dominated universities around the world, in addition to the fact that typography was massively dominated by the Catholic Church. In addition, hagiographies and letters found in Brazilian libraries were read (online), with the aim of understanding Anchieta as a persona (memory of poets) and as a historical character; these studies were also based on the preface of the facsimile edition, in which professor Maria Aparecida Ribeiro states the influence of two works, that of Father Paternina and that of Father Simão de Vasconcellos, from which the Ignatians took the arguments for their creations. As a basis, Anchieta is the allegorical myth, very similar to what occurred in Os Lusíadas, in which the country's history was sung in a literary way. With the use of Sharp [acute] writing, the book can be considered academicist.
The objective of this thesis is to discuss the literary perspective that acted on the process of mythification of Father José de Anchieta, notably focusing on the work Orfeu Brasilico, a document that honored the priest on the occasion of receiving the title of Venerable, in an academic session, with compositions imitating Greco-Roman writing models, written entirely in Latin. The text was edited and organized by the professor of rhetoric of the Society of Jesus in Bahia, Father Francisco de Almeida. The celebration took place in 1736 and the publication came out in 1737, in Lisbon, sponsored by Mauro de Almeida, father of the organizer. The importance of treating Anchieta as a myth is legitimized by the fact that, at that time and even with his canonization completed in 2014, there was little proof of miracles, hence the use of the resource of passing from the mystical to the mythical, legendary, thus the poetic text, as it is the genesis of myth, suits this purpose. The edition on which this work was completed was the one published in 1998 as a facsimile by professor Sebastião Tavares Pinho, from the University of Coimbra. Pinho and his team analyzed two copies, one found in the Library of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences and the Other in the National Library of Rio de Janeiro, but the one in Lisbon was better preserved and from there the Coimbra edition was published. To substantiate this proposal, it is considered that the document arose from an Order that was born literate, which built colleges and dominated universities around the world, in addition to the fact that typography was massively dominated by the Catholic Church. In addition, hagiographies and letters found in Brazilian libraries were read (online), with the aim of understanding Anchieta as a persona (memory of poets) and as a historical character; these studies were also based on the preface of the facsimile edition, in which professor Maria Aparecida Ribeiro states the influence of two works, that of Father Paternina and that of Father Simão de Vasconcellos, from which the Ignatians took the arguments for their creations. As a basis, Anchieta is the allegorical myth, very similar to what occurred in Os Lusíadas, in which the country's history was sung in a literary way. With the use of Sharp [acute] writing, the book can be considered academicist.
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Palavras-chave
Hagiografia, Poesia religiosa latina, Arte jesuítica, Gêneros literários, Anchieta, José de, Santo, 1534-1597, Jesuits, Literary Genres, Portuguese America, Brazilian Literature – 18th century
Como citar
SILVA, Cristina Mascarenhas da. Uma hagiografia poética de José de Anchieta: o Orfeu Brasílico, do Padre Francisco de Almeida. 2024. 206 f. Tese (Doutorado em Letras) - Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Assis, 2024.