Testes oftalmológicos em onça pintada (Panthera onca) e onça parda (Puma concolor) e testes oftalmológicos e cálculo da dioptria da lente em capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
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2023-11-21
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A presente tese compreende dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo consiste em revisão de literatura sobre onças pintadas, onças pardas, visão dos felinos, filme lacrimal e teste lacrimal de Schirmer, pressão intraocular, microbiota conjuntival, citologia conjuntival, paquimetria corneana e retinografia, seguido de artigo sobre estudo oftalmológico realizado nesses animais. Primeiramente, é descrito que as onças pintadas e pardas são os maiores felídeos das Américas, e as primeiras estão classificadas como “quase extintas”. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever e comparar os valores obtidos nos seguintes exames oftalmológicos: mensuração de produção lacrimal, microbiota conjuntival, citologia de impressão conjuntival, pressão intraocular, paquimetria corneana e retinografia em onças pintadas (Panthera onca) e pardas (Puma concolor). Os resultados obtidos nos exames foram: produção lacrimal em onças pintadas, média de 13,7±7,1mm/min e 14,5±5,4mm/min em onças pardas; a microbiota conjuntival das onças pintadas apresenta 100% de bactérias gram-positivas e das onças pardas 62,5% de gram-positivas e 37,5% gram negativas; as onças pintadas apresentaram média de pressão intraocular de 24,4±3,5mmHg (calibração gatos) e as onças pardas apresentaram média de 23,7±3,9mmHg (calibração gatos); a análise citológica identificou células epiteliais da córnea e conjuntiva e células caliciformes; a espessura da córnea central de três onças pintadas foi de 877μm e 1152,8μm de quatro onças pardas; o padrão de vascularização da retina das onças é holangiótico. O segundo capítulo consiste em artigo de estudo oftalmológico realizado em capivaras. Relata-se que a capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) é a maior espécie de roedor do mundo e vive em áreas de ação antrópicas, próximas a fontes de água. Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever valores de produção lacrimal, pressão intraocular, biometria ocular, ceratometria da córnea e o valor dióptrico da lente intraocular das capivaras. Os resultados obtidos para produção lacrimalforam média de 15,18 ± 5,42mm/min no OD e 16,73 ± 7,11mm/min no OE; PIO média do OD foi de 8,03 ± 2,94mmHg e OE de 8,12 ± 3,16mmHg;da ceratometria média no OD foi de 9,51 ± 0,65 e 9,49 ± 0,59mm no OE; as médias da ultrassonografia modo A, respectivamente para olho direito e esquerdo, foram de 21,45 ± 1,15mm e 21,42 ± 0,98mm para o comprimento axial, para câmara anterior 3,04 ± 0,44mm e 3,22 ± 0,58mm e para a espessura do cristalino (lente) 5,46 ± 0,57mm e 5,48 ± 0,71mm; os valores médios da dioptria da LIO foram de 39,80±3,05 para Haigis, 34,18±2,32 para SRK/T, 36,75±2,23 para Hoffer Q e 35,61±2,34 e 34,50±2,04 para Holladay I e Holladay II respectivamente.
The present thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter consists of a literature review on jaguars, pumas, feline vision, lacrimal film, Schirmer tear test, intraocular pressure, conjunctival microbiota, conjunctival cytology, corneal pachymetry, and retinography, followed by an article on an ophthalmological study conducted on these animals. Initially, it is described that jaguars and pumas are the largest felids in the Americas, with jaguars classified as "near threatened." The objective of the study was to describe and compare the values obtained in the following ophthalmological exams: lacrimal production measurement, conjunctival microbiota, conjunctival impression cytology, intraocular pressure, corneal pachymetry, and retinography in jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor). The results obtained in the exams were as follows: lacrimal production in jaguars, an average of 13.7±7.1mm/min, and in pumas, 14.5±5.4mm/min; the conjunctival microbiota of jaguars showed 100% gram-positive bacteria, while pumas exhibited 62.5% gram-positive and 37.5% gram-negative bacteria; jaguars had an average intraocular pressure of 24.4±3.5mmHg (calibrated for cats), and pumas had an average of 23.7±3.9mmHg (calibrated for cats); cytological analysis identified corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells; the central corneal thickness of three jaguars was 877µm, and of four pumas was 1152.8µm; the retinal vascularization pattern in jaguars is holangiotic. The second chapter consists of an article on an ophthalmological study conducted on capybaras. It is reported that the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the largest rodent species in the world and lives in anthropic areas near water sources. The study aimed to describe lacrimal production values, intraocular pressure, ocular biometry, corneal keratometry, and the dioptric value of the intraocular lens in capybaras. The results for lacrimal production were an average of 15.18 ± 5.42mm/min in the right eye and 16.73 ± 7.11mm/min in the left eye; the average intraocular pressure for the right eye was 8.03 ± 2.94mmHg and for the left eye, 8.12 ± 3.16mmHg; the average keratometry for the right eye was 9.51 ± 0.65mm and for the left eye, 9.49 ± 0.59mm; the mean A-mode ultrasound values for the right and left eyes were 21.45 ± 1.15mm and 21.42 ± 0.98mm for axial length, 3.04 ± 0.44mm and 3.22 ± 0.58mm for anterior chamber depth, and 5.46 ± 0.57mm and 5.48 ± 0.71mm for lens thickness; the mean diopter values for the intraocular lens were 39.80±3.05 for Haigis, 34.18±2.32 for SRK/T, 36.75±2.23 for Hoffer Q, and 35.61±2.34 and 34.50±2.04 for Holladay I and Holladay II, respectively.
The present thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter consists of a literature review on jaguars, pumas, feline vision, lacrimal film, Schirmer tear test, intraocular pressure, conjunctival microbiota, conjunctival cytology, corneal pachymetry, and retinography, followed by an article on an ophthalmological study conducted on these animals. Initially, it is described that jaguars and pumas are the largest felids in the Americas, with jaguars classified as "near threatened." The objective of the study was to describe and compare the values obtained in the following ophthalmological exams: lacrimal production measurement, conjunctival microbiota, conjunctival impression cytology, intraocular pressure, corneal pachymetry, and retinography in jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor). The results obtained in the exams were as follows: lacrimal production in jaguars, an average of 13.7±7.1mm/min, and in pumas, 14.5±5.4mm/min; the conjunctival microbiota of jaguars showed 100% gram-positive bacteria, while pumas exhibited 62.5% gram-positive and 37.5% gram-negative bacteria; jaguars had an average intraocular pressure of 24.4±3.5mmHg (calibrated for cats), and pumas had an average of 23.7±3.9mmHg (calibrated for cats); cytological analysis identified corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells; the central corneal thickness of three jaguars was 877µm, and of four pumas was 1152.8µm; the retinal vascularization pattern in jaguars is holangiotic. The second chapter consists of an article on an ophthalmological study conducted on capybaras. It is reported that the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the largest rodent species in the world and lives in anthropic areas near water sources. The study aimed to describe lacrimal production values, intraocular pressure, ocular biometry, corneal keratometry, and the dioptric value of the intraocular lens in capybaras. The results for lacrimal production were an average of 15.18 ± 5.42mm/min in the right eye and 16.73 ± 7.11mm/min in the left eye; the average intraocular pressure for the right eye was 8.03 ± 2.94mmHg and for the left eye, 8.12 ± 3.16mmHg; the average keratometry for the right eye was 9.51 ± 0.65mm and for the left eye, 9.49 ± 0.59mm; the mean A-mode ultrasound values for the right and left eyes were 21.45 ± 1.15mm and 21.42 ± 0.98mm for axial length, 3.04 ± 0.44mm and 3.22 ± 0.58mm for anterior chamber depth, and 5.46 ± 0.57mm and 5.48 ± 0.71mm for lens thickness; the mean diopter values for the intraocular lens were 39.80±3.05 for Haigis, 34.18±2.32 for SRK/T, 36.75±2.23 for Hoffer Q, and 35.61±2.34 and 34.50±2.04 for Holladay I and Holladay II, respectively.
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Pressão intraocular, Produção de lágrima, Felídeos neotropicais, Roedor, Holladay II, Intraocular pressure, Tear production, Neotropical felids, Rodent