Avaliação de células imunológicas, do baço e do testículo de Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura) em diferentes cenários (área preservada, agricultura e área urbana).
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Data
2023-03-01
Autores
Rezende, Wadson Rodrigues
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A atividade humana gera uma variedade de resíduos químicos (e.g. agroquímicos, fertilizantes agrícolas, metabólitos de fármacos, resíduos da queima de combustíveis, metais pesados) que são lançados no meio ambiente. Alguns desses compostos apresentam grande potencial de desregulação endócrina, interferindo na sinalização normal do organismo. Os anfíbios, por terem características particulares, são sensíveis à contaminação ambiental, que pode gerar efeitos deletérios em seus sistemas, em especial o imunológico e reprodutor. Tem-se proposto uma inter-relação entre as respostas imunes e a reprodutivas, de forma que a resposta de um pode alterar a resposta do outro. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo, avaliar como diferentes paisagens antropizadas (área agrícola e urbana) alteram a imunidade celular e a morfologia esplênica, bem como a morfometria testicular de Leptodactylus fuscus; e se há uma inter-relação entre suas respostas. Foram analisados biomarcadores morfométricos imunológicos (contagem diferencial de leucócitos, densidade estrutural volumétrica e quantificação de mastócitos do baço) e reprodutivos (área locular e dos cistos espermatogênicos), e índice de massa escalonar (IME), para estimar a condição corporal, em anuros coletados em diferentes cenários (cultivo de soja, cana, indústria sucroalcooleira, área urbana e unidade de conservação). Com esses marcadores, foram realizadas análises comparativas correlacionais, visando estabelecer a relação entre os sistemas. Com relação aos marcadores imunes, no baço dos animais em áreas impactadas, houve uma diminuição da polpa branca e um aumento da polpa vermelha, e na frequência de mastócitos e das células pigmentares (melanomacrófagos). Já os leucócitos apresentaram variação na composição dos diferentes tipos celulares, havendo um aumento de linfócitos e neutrófilos e diminuição de basófilos, eosinófilos e monócitos. Quanto à morfometria testicular, os animais de ambientes antrópicos apresentaram um aumento dos cistos espermatogênicos, de modo que, cada cenário exerceu pressões diferentes nas proporções dos cistos. O IME evidenciou um maior número de correlações positivas (ainda que fracas) com parâmetros reprodutivos (área locular, e cistos de espermatogônias e espermatócitos). Ainda que não tenhamos encontrados relações diretas entre os marcadores dos sistemas, os animais por apresentaram bons condições corporais aparentemente podem manter tanto uma boa resposta reprodutiva quanto uma resposta imune sistêmica, nos ambientes antrópicos. Essas respostas podem ser produto de adaptações que espécies generalistas podem apresentar, capacitando-as a se manter nesses ambientes alterados.
Human activity generates a variety of chemical residues (e.g. agrochemicals, agricultural fertilizers, drug metabolites, fuel combustion residues, heavy metals) that are released into the environment. Some of these compounds have great potential for endocrine disruption, interfering with the body's normal signaling. Amphibians, due to their particular characteristics, are sensitive to environmental contamination, which can have deleterious effects on their systems, especially the immune and reproductive systems. An interrelationship between immune and reproductive responses has been proposed, so that the response of one can alter the response of the other. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate how different anthropized landscapes (agricultural and urban areas) alter cellular immunity and splenic morphology, as well as testicular morphometry of Leptodactylus fuscus; and whether there is an interrelationship between your responses. Immunological morphometric biomarkers (differential leukocyte count, volumetric structural density and quantification of splenic mast cells) and reproductive (locular area and spermatogenic cysts area) and scaled mass index (SMI) were analyzed to estimate body condition in anurans collected in different scenarios (soybean, sugarcane cultivation, sugar and alcohol industry, urban area and conservation unit). With these markers, correlational comparative analyzes were performed, aiming to establish the relationship between the systems. Regarding immune markers, in the spleen of animals in impacted areas, there was a decrease in white pulp and an increase in red pulp, and in the frequency of mast cells and pigment cells (melanomacrophages). Leukocytes, on the other hand, showed variation in the composition of different cell types, with an increase in lymphocytes and neutrophils and a decrease in basophils, eosinophils and monocytes. As for testicular morphometry, animals from anthropic environments showed an increase in spermatogenic cysts, so that each scenario exerted different pressures on the proportions of cysts. The IME showed a greater number of positive correlations (albeit weak) with reproductive parameters (locular area, and spermatogonial and spermatocyte cysts). Although we did not find direct relationships between the markers of the systems, the animals, because they presented good body conditions, apparently can maintain both a good reproductive response and a systemic immune response, in anthropic environments. These responses may be the product of adaptations that generalist species may present, enabling them to maintain themselves in these altered environments.
Human activity generates a variety of chemical residues (e.g. agrochemicals, agricultural fertilizers, drug metabolites, fuel combustion residues, heavy metals) that are released into the environment. Some of these compounds have great potential for endocrine disruption, interfering with the body's normal signaling. Amphibians, due to their particular characteristics, are sensitive to environmental contamination, which can have deleterious effects on their systems, especially the immune and reproductive systems. An interrelationship between immune and reproductive responses has been proposed, so that the response of one can alter the response of the other. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate how different anthropized landscapes (agricultural and urban areas) alter cellular immunity and splenic morphology, as well as testicular morphometry of Leptodactylus fuscus; and whether there is an interrelationship between your responses. Immunological morphometric biomarkers (differential leukocyte count, volumetric structural density and quantification of splenic mast cells) and reproductive (locular area and spermatogenic cysts area) and scaled mass index (SMI) were analyzed to estimate body condition in anurans collected in different scenarios (soybean, sugarcane cultivation, sugar and alcohol industry, urban area and conservation unit). With these markers, correlational comparative analyzes were performed, aiming to establish the relationship between the systems. Regarding immune markers, in the spleen of animals in impacted areas, there was a decrease in white pulp and an increase in red pulp, and in the frequency of mast cells and pigment cells (melanomacrophages). Leukocytes, on the other hand, showed variation in the composition of different cell types, with an increase in lymphocytes and neutrophils and a decrease in basophils, eosinophils and monocytes. As for testicular morphometry, animals from anthropic environments showed an increase in spermatogenic cysts, so that each scenario exerted different pressures on the proportions of cysts. The IME showed a greater number of positive correlations (albeit weak) with reproductive parameters (locular area, and spermatogonial and spermatocyte cysts). Although we did not find direct relationships between the markers of the systems, the animals, because they presented good body conditions, apparently can maintain both a good reproductive response and a systemic immune response, in anthropic environments. These responses may be the product of adaptations that generalist species may present, enabling them to maintain themselves in these altered environments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anuros, Imunidade celular, Morfometria esplênica, Morfometria testicular, Poluição ambiental, Anurans, Cellular immunity, Splenic morphometry, Testicular morphometry, Environment pollution