A viabilidade de aplicação do forum non conveniens no Brasil
Data
2023-06-20
Autores
Degrande, Pedro Alexandre Ferreira Sousa
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o advento da Internet e das redes sociais, maior facilidade para viagens aéreas, celebração de contratos e para as relações entre empresas e pessoas de variadas partes do mundo, ampliam-se também as possibilidades de geração de conflitos. O conflito, sendo parte da natureza humana, pode ser eventualmente judicializado, existindo, então, a necessidade de aplicação de normas que prevejam qual seria o país mais adequado para o julgamento das lides surgidas. Havendo partes de nacionalidades diversas envolvidas em um conflito judicial, existe também a probabilidade maior de que se instaurem conflitos internacionais de jurisdição. Sendo assim, não há, atualmente, somente a preocupação com a execução de sentenças estrangeiras, mas também com a própria fase processual de conhecimento, no que se refere a qual país será o responsável pelo julgamento da lide instaurada. Podem surgir situações nas quais o exercício da jurisdição por um determinado país seja mais adequado do que em outro, mormente quando os principais aspectos da conduta ou transação sub judice ocorrem naquele local. A teoria do forum non conveniens, tradicionalmente aceita no sistema de common law, a partir de determinados critérios, os quais serão analisados, é aplicada para que sejam afastadas situações de injustiça para alguma das partes e também para que não seja escolhido o local com menor possibilidade de eficiência para a adequada prestação da tutela jurisdicional em relação ao caso concreto. Trata-se, então, da possibilidade de controle da competência quando o foro escolhido revela-se inapropriado ou inconveniente, havendo a indicação de um foro mais neutro, em que uma das partes não seja prejudicada de modo excessivo. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar os principais fundamentos do forum non conveniens, examinando também se seria viável a sua aplicação no Brasil, buscando-se o estudo doutrinário, normativo e jurisprudencial do tema, com aplicação do método dedutivo-bibliográfico, com a realização de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa documental.
With the advent of the Internet and social networks, greater ease for air travel, signing of contracts and for relations between companies and people from different parts of the world, the possibilities for generating conflicts also increase. Conflict, being part of human nature, can eventually be judicialized, and there is, therefore, the need to apply rules that predict which country would be most suitable for the judgment of the disputes that have arisen. With parties of different nationalities involved in a judicial conflict, there is also a greater likelihood that international conflicts of jurisdiction will arise. Therefore, there is currently not only the concern with the execution of foreign judgments, but also with the procedural phase of knowledge itself, with regard to which country will be responsible for the judgment of the initiated dispute. Situations may arise in which the exercise of jurisdiction by a given country is more appropriate than in another, especially when the main aspects of the conduct or sub judice transaction occur in that place. The theory of forum non conveniens, traditionally accepted in the common law system, based on certain criteria, which will be analyzed, is applied so that situations of injustice to any of the parties are removed and also so that the place with the smallest possibility of efficiency for the adequate provision of judicial protection in relation to the concrete case is not chosen. It is, then, the possibility of controlling jurisdiction when the chosen forum proves to be inappropriate or inconvenient, with the indication of a more neutral forum, in which one of the parties is not excessively harmed. The objective of the research is to analyze the main fundamentals of the forum non conveniens, also examining whether its application in Brazil would be possible, seeking the doctrinal, normative and jurisprudential study of the subject, with application of the deductive-bibliographic method.
With the advent of the Internet and social networks, greater ease for air travel, signing of contracts and for relations between companies and people from different parts of the world, the possibilities for generating conflicts also increase. Conflict, being part of human nature, can eventually be judicialized, and there is, therefore, the need to apply rules that predict which country would be most suitable for the judgment of the disputes that have arisen. With parties of different nationalities involved in a judicial conflict, there is also a greater likelihood that international conflicts of jurisdiction will arise. Therefore, there is currently not only the concern with the execution of foreign judgments, but also with the procedural phase of knowledge itself, with regard to which country will be responsible for the judgment of the initiated dispute. Situations may arise in which the exercise of jurisdiction by a given country is more appropriate than in another, especially when the main aspects of the conduct or sub judice transaction occur in that place. The theory of forum non conveniens, traditionally accepted in the common law system, based on certain criteria, which will be analyzed, is applied so that situations of injustice to any of the parties are removed and also so that the place with the smallest possibility of efficiency for the adequate provision of judicial protection in relation to the concrete case is not chosen. It is, then, the possibility of controlling jurisdiction when the chosen forum proves to be inappropriate or inconvenient, with the indication of a more neutral forum, in which one of the parties is not excessively harmed. The objective of the research is to analyze the main fundamentals of the forum non conveniens, also examining whether its application in Brazil would be possible, seeking the doctrinal, normative and jurisprudential study of the subject, with application of the deductive-bibliographic method.
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Palavras-chave
Direito Internacional Privado, Jurisdição Internacional, Tutela Jurisdicional Efetiva, Private International Law, Forum Non Conveniens, International Jurisdiction, Effective Legal Protection