Microrganismos indutores de resistência em plantas e adubação nitrogenada em trigo irrigado por aspersão
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Data
2023-12-19
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o decorrer dos anos, o cultivo de trigo irrigado em regiões de cerrado tem tomado proporções maiores. Novas tecnologias e métodos vêm sendo estudados para aumentar a produtividade e consequentemente aumentar os lucros do cultivo do trigo nessas condições. Devido às altas exigências de nitrogênio que o trigo necessita, nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos de diferentes manejos de solo e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura. Assim, o trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental da UNESP - Ilha Solteira - SP, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, os manejos de solo foram realizados pela combinação de 3 manejos envolvendo adubação de semeadura e aplicação de microrganismos indutores de resistência em plantas: (M1) manejo convencional com adubação realizada de acordo com a análise de solo e a recomendação para a cultura do trigo; (M2) 1,5 t ha-1 de Brutal Rocks + ½ da adubação do M1 + aplicações foliares periódicas de microrganismos indutores da resistência em plantas; (M3) 2,5 t ha-1 de Brutal Rocks + aplicações foliares periódicas de microrganismos indutores da resistência em plantas e ausência de adubação na semeadura. Os tratamentos ainda tiveram a combinação de 4 doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 30, 60 e 90 kg de nitrogênio ha-1). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por 13 linhas de trigo espaçadas de 0,17 m entre si, com 5 m de comprimento, considerando-se como bordadura as linhas laterais da parcela considerando-se como área útil as 11 linhas centrais e desprezando-se 0,50 m das extremidades. Foram avaliadas a massa seca da parte aérea, teor de N foliar, número de grãos por espiga, produtividade, massa hectolítrica, acamamento e a massa de mil grãos. A adubação nitrogenada resultou em aumento dos valores de produtividade, teor de nitrogênio foliar e massa ,seca os diferentes manejos não resultaram em valores significantes. A aplicação de microrganismos indutores de resistência de plantas não influenciou as variáveis analisadas. Desse modo, conclui-se que a aplicação de doses de nitrogênio em cobertura no cultivo de trigo irrigado influencia positivamente a produtividade, teor de nitrogênio foliar e massa seca, reduzindo o uso de fertilizantes minerais, consequentemente diminuindo os custos de produção.
Over the years, irrigated wheat cultivation in cerrado regions has been expanding. New technologies and methods have been studied to increase productivity and consequently enhance profits in wheat cultivation under these conditions. Due to the high nitrogen requirements of wheat, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different soil management practices and nitrogen application rates on the crop. The research was conducted in an experimental area at UNESP - Ilha Solteira - SP, located in the municipality of Selvíria-MS. Soil management practices were carried out by combining three approaches involving seed fertilization and the application of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms: (M1) Conventional management with fertilization according to soil analysis and recommendations for wheat cultivation. (M2) 1.5 t ha-1 of Brutal Rocks + ½ of the fertilization from M1 + foliar applications of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms every 10-12 days. (M3) 2.5 t ha-1 of Brutal Rocks + foliar applications of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms every 10-12 days with no fertilization at sowing. The treatments also included the combination of four rates of nitrogen application (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg of nitrogen ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. Plots consisted of 13 wheat rows spaced 0.17 m apart, with a length of 5 m. The central 11 rows were considered as the useful area, and 0.50 from the ends was disregarded. The following variables were evaluated: aboveground dry mass, foliar nitrogen content, number of grains per spike, yield, hectoliter mass, lodging, and thousand grain weight. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in increased yield values, foliar nitrogen content, and dry mass, while the different soil management practices did not yield significant differences. The application of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms did not influence the analyzed variables. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of nitrogen rates during irrigated wheat cultivation positively influences yield, foliar nitrogen content, and dry mass, reducing the use of mineral fertilizers and consequently lowering production costs.
Over the years, irrigated wheat cultivation in cerrado regions has been expanding. New technologies and methods have been studied to increase productivity and consequently enhance profits in wheat cultivation under these conditions. Due to the high nitrogen requirements of wheat, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different soil management practices and nitrogen application rates on the crop. The research was conducted in an experimental area at UNESP - Ilha Solteira - SP, located in the municipality of Selvíria-MS. Soil management practices were carried out by combining three approaches involving seed fertilization and the application of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms: (M1) Conventional management with fertilization according to soil analysis and recommendations for wheat cultivation. (M2) 1.5 t ha-1 of Brutal Rocks + ½ of the fertilization from M1 + foliar applications of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms every 10-12 days. (M3) 2.5 t ha-1 of Brutal Rocks + foliar applications of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms every 10-12 days with no fertilization at sowing. The treatments also included the combination of four rates of nitrogen application (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg of nitrogen ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. Plots consisted of 13 wheat rows spaced 0.17 m apart, with a length of 5 m. The central 11 rows were considered as the useful area, and 0.50 from the ends was disregarded. The following variables were evaluated: aboveground dry mass, foliar nitrogen content, number of grains per spike, yield, hectoliter mass, lodging, and thousand grain weight. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in increased yield values, foliar nitrogen content, and dry mass, while the different soil management practices did not yield significant differences. The application of resistance-inducing plant microorganisms did not influence the analyzed variables. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of nitrogen rates during irrigated wheat cultivation positively influences yield, foliar nitrogen content, and dry mass, reducing the use of mineral fertilizers and consequently lowering production costs.
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Triticum aestivum L., Cerrado, Doses de nitrogênio, Manejo, Nitrogen rates, Management.
Como citar
KORIM, Erik Roberto Jun. Microrganismos indutores de resistência em plantas e adubação nitrogenada em trigo irrigado por aspersão. Orientador: Orivaldo Arf. 2023. 38 f. : il. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Agronômica) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ilha Solteira, 2023. Disponível em: URL. Acesso em: dia, mês e ano