Distribuição e logística reversa de livros didáticos no Brasil: avaliação e estudo de caso
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2023-08-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
De acordo com os dados estatísticos do Programa do Livro vinculado ao Governo Federal através do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação do Ministério da Educação, foram distribuídos em média no triênio (2018, 2019 e 2020) aproximadamente 145 milhões de livros em toda rede pública de ensino brasileira. A cada conclusão do período de utilização (validade 3 e 4 anos), os livros que sobram na escola não podem mais ser utilizados pela comunidade escolar, ficando sob a responsabilidade da Direção de cada unidade escolar, aguardando a devida destinação, inclusive as despesas de retorno. Os livros didáticos em desuso, ou com validade vencida, ficam armazenados temporariamente nas dependências da escola, muitas vezes em corredores e outros espaços inadequados, aguardando a destinação correta e devem ser preferencialmente destinados ao Fundo Social de Solidariedade do Estado de São Paulo – FUSSESP, que arrecada anualmente cerca de 50 toneladas de papel vindo das secretarias, autarquias e fundações do Estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a logística reversa desse material didático descartado pela rede pública de ensino. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de caso nas Escolas Técnicas Estaduais (ETECs) do Centro Paula Souza (CPS) na região de Sorocaba SP, onde foi realizado um comparativo entre, as distâncias das unidades escolares estudadas até o FUSSESP da cidade de São Paulo, e o Fundo Social de Solidariedade do Município de Sorocaba, e uma Cooperativa de reciclagem instalada na cidade, visando a redução de custos e dos impactos ambientais. Foi possível estimar que a destinação desse material para cidade de Sorocaba reduz 71,6% das emissões de gases de efeito estufa da Etec da Cidade de Piedade, considerada a mais distante da cidade de São Paulo, e 35,8% das emissões da Etec da cidade de São Roque, considerada a mais próxima da capital do estado, além de diminuir 60% o custo do transporte desses livros. Portanto, o processo atual da logística reversa dos livros didáticos, pode ser aprimorado com a supervisão do CPS, em função do aceite da entidade de Sorocaba escolhida, para receber esses materiais na forma de doação.
According to statistical data from the Book Program linked to the Federal Government through the National Education Development Fund of the Ministry of Education, on average, approximately 145 million books were distributed throughout the three-year period (2018, 2019 and 2020) throughout the public network. Brazilian teaching. At the end of the period of use (validity of 3 and 4 years), the books left over at the school can no longer be used by the school community, remaining under the responsibility of the Management of each school unit, awaiting proper disposal, including the costs of return. Textbooks that are out of use, or have expired, are temporarily stored on school premises, often in corridors and other inappropriate spaces, awaiting their correct destination and should preferably be sent to the Social Solidarity Fund of the State of São Paulo – FUSSESP, which annually collects around 50 tons of paper from departments, municipalities and foundations in the State of São Paulo. The present work aimed to evaluate the reverse logistics of this teaching material discarded by the public education network. For this purpose, a case study was carried out at the State Technical Schools (ETECs) of Centro Paula Souza (CPS) in the region of Sorocaba SP, where a comparison was made between the distances of the studied school units to FUSSESP in the city of São Paulo, and the Social Solidarity Fund of the Municipality of Sorocaba, and a recycling cooperative installed in the city, aiming to reduce costs and environmental impacts. It was possible to estimate that the allocation of this material to the city of Sorocaba reduces 71.6% of greenhouse gas emissions from Etec in the city of Piedade, considered the furthest from the city of São Paulo, and 35.8% of Etec's emissions from the city of São Roque, considered the closest to the state capital, in addition to reducing the cost of transporting these books by 60%. Therefore, the current reverse logistics process for textbooks can be improved with the supervision of the CPS, depending on the acceptance of the chosen Sorocaba entity to receive these materials in the form of a donation.
According to statistical data from the Book Program linked to the Federal Government through the National Education Development Fund of the Ministry of Education, on average, approximately 145 million books were distributed throughout the three-year period (2018, 2019 and 2020) throughout the public network. Brazilian teaching. At the end of the period of use (validity of 3 and 4 years), the books left over at the school can no longer be used by the school community, remaining under the responsibility of the Management of each school unit, awaiting proper disposal, including the costs of return. Textbooks that are out of use, or have expired, are temporarily stored on school premises, often in corridors and other inappropriate spaces, awaiting their correct destination and should preferably be sent to the Social Solidarity Fund of the State of São Paulo – FUSSESP, which annually collects around 50 tons of paper from departments, municipalities and foundations in the State of São Paulo. The present work aimed to evaluate the reverse logistics of this teaching material discarded by the public education network. For this purpose, a case study was carried out at the State Technical Schools (ETECs) of Centro Paula Souza (CPS) in the region of Sorocaba SP, where a comparison was made between the distances of the studied school units to FUSSESP in the city of São Paulo, and the Social Solidarity Fund of the Municipality of Sorocaba, and a recycling cooperative installed in the city, aiming to reduce costs and environmental impacts. It was possible to estimate that the allocation of this material to the city of Sorocaba reduces 71.6% of greenhouse gas emissions from Etec in the city of Piedade, considered the furthest from the city of São Paulo, and 35.8% of Etec's emissions from the city of São Roque, considered the closest to the state capital, in addition to reducing the cost of transporting these books by 60%. Therefore, the current reverse logistics process for textbooks can be improved with the supervision of the CPS, depending on the acceptance of the chosen Sorocaba entity to receive these materials in the form of a donation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Livros didáticos, Impactos ambientais, Logística reversa, Ecoeficiência, Textbooks, Reverse logistics
Como citar
RIBAS, J. A. Distribuição e logística reversa de livros didáticos no Brasil: avaliação e estudo de caso. 2023. 78 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais) – Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sorocaba, 2023.