Categorização anatomopatológica e detecção etiológica em lesões pulmonares de suínos no abate
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Data
2023-06-19
Autores
Arruda, Laíza Pinto [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A intensificação da suinocultura acarretou elevados desafios de controle e prevenção de problemas sanitários, dentre eles se destacam as doenças do complexo respiratório. O monitoramento sanitário no abate é uma ferramenta de controle importante, devido aos desafios sanitários dos rebanhos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os principais agentes etiológicos que causam pleurisia no abate de suínos e caracterizar as lesões anatomopatológicas. Para tal, foi selecionado um frigorífico localizado no Estado de São Paulo e as carcaças na linha de abate analisadas. As amostras de pleurisia passaram por um exame histopatológico e foram classificadas de acordo com o grau da lesão do pulmão e alocadas em cinco grupos: G0: pleurisia grau 0 – sem lesões; G1: pleurisia grau 1; G2: pleurisia grau 2; G3: pleurisia grau 3; G4: pleurisia grau 4). Foram coletados 217 fragmentos de pulmão, em duplicata, para a identificação dos seguintes patógenos bacterianos: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) e Pasteurella multocida (PM), pela técnica de qPCR. Os resultados demonstraram que Mhyo e APP foram os agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes (infecções únicas e coinfecções) nas amostras de pulmões, nos diferentes graus de pleurisia, enquanto as lesões de broncopneumonia e de hiperplasia de BALT foram os achados histopatológicos mais frequentes. Também foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a quantificação de DNA de APP com o grau de pleurisia (rho = 0,25386) e com o grau de consolidação pulmonar em todos os lobos pulmonares (rho = 0,18063 a rho = 0,32858) e no pulmão inteiro (rho = 0,38898).
The intensification of pig farming has brought about high challenges in terms of control and prevention of sanitary problems, among which diseases of the respiratory complex stand out. Sanitary monitoring at slaughter is an important control tool, due to the sanitary challenges of herds. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify the main etiological agents that cause pleurisy in swine slaughter and to characterize the anatomopathological lesions. For this, a slaughterhouse located in the State of São Paulo was selected and the carcasses on the slaughter line analyzed. Pleurisy samples underwent histopathological examination and were classified according to the degree of lung injury and allocated into five groups: G0: grade 0 pleurisy – no lesions; G1: grade 1 pleurisy; G2: grade 2 pleurisy; G3: grade 3 pleurisy; G4: grade 4 pleurisy). 217 lung fragments were collected, in duplicate, for the identification of the following bacterial pathogens: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and Pasteurella multocida (PM), using the qPCR technique. The results showed that Mhyo and APP were the most prevalent etiological agents (single infections and co-infections) in lung samples, in different degrees of pleurisy, while bronchopneumonia and BALT hyperplasia lesions were the most frequent histopathological findings. Positive correlations were also found between the quantification of APP DNA with the degree of pleurisy (rho = 0.25386) and with the degree of lung consolidation in all lung lobes (rho = 0.18063 to rho = 0.32858) and in the entire lung (rho = 0.38898).
The intensification of pig farming has brought about high challenges in terms of control and prevention of sanitary problems, among which diseases of the respiratory complex stand out. Sanitary monitoring at slaughter is an important control tool, due to the sanitary challenges of herds. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify the main etiological agents that cause pleurisy in swine slaughter and to characterize the anatomopathological lesions. For this, a slaughterhouse located in the State of São Paulo was selected and the carcasses on the slaughter line analyzed. Pleurisy samples underwent histopathological examination and were classified according to the degree of lung injury and allocated into five groups: G0: grade 0 pleurisy – no lesions; G1: grade 1 pleurisy; G2: grade 2 pleurisy; G3: grade 3 pleurisy; G4: grade 4 pleurisy). 217 lung fragments were collected, in duplicate, for the identification of the following bacterial pathogens: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and Pasteurella multocida (PM), using the qPCR technique. The results showed that Mhyo and APP were the most prevalent etiological agents (single infections and co-infections) in lung samples, in different degrees of pleurisy, while bronchopneumonia and BALT hyperplasia lesions were the most frequent histopathological findings. Positive correlations were also found between the quantification of APP DNA with the degree of pleurisy (rho = 0.25386) and with the degree of lung consolidation in all lung lobes (rho = 0.18063 to rho = 0.32858) and in the entire lung (rho = 0.38898).
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Palavras-chave
Sus scrofa domesticus, Carcaças, Doenças respiratórias, Pleuritis, qPCR, Suínos