Síndrome de Burnout e lazer no período próximo a aposentadoria
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Data
2022-02-24
Autores
Vieira, Júlia Lelis
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na década de 70 a Síndrome de Burnout ganhou evidência no ambiente acadêmico ao ser descrito pela publicação de Freudenberger como: esgotamento emocional, levando a uma despersonalização e sensação de baixa realização profissional. Inicialmente o público com maior prevalência desta síndrome eram os mais jovens, atualmente a ciência tem encontrado associação desse esgotamento também entre os trabalhadores que estão próximo de sua aposentadoria. Pesquisadores investigam estratégias de promoção à saúde neste sentido e seus achados apontam para a necessidade de uma educação voltada ao tempo livre e suas possibilidades, e uma das estratégias testadas na literatura é a educação para o lazer dentro dos programas de aposentadoria. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a associação independente entre Síndrome de Burnout e lazer em funcionários públicos que estão próximos de suas aposentadorias. Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico com delineamento transversal, realizado através de um questionário estruturado aplicado aos funcionários estatutários que estão a cinco anos ou menos de completar o tempo mínimo para aposentadoria. A variável dependente deste estudo foi a Síndrome de Burnout, mais especificamente os domínios que compõe a Síndrome de Burnout e a variável independente o lazer, sendo também utilizado outras variáveis por seus potenciais riscos confundidores nas análises. Devido ao período pandêmico, as entrevistas ocorreram de forma remota e aqueles sujeitos que se autodeclararam analfabetos digitais a pesquisa foi presencial com o apoio da Unidade de Pesquisa em Saúde Coletiva respeitando todo o protocolo sanitário. O modelo escolhido para análises dos dados foi de Poisson, e foi adotado um nível de significância estatística padrão de p igual ou menor que 0,05, para rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. A prevalência total da Síndrome de Burnout foi de 55,5%, sendo para Exaustão Emocional 41,2%, Despersonalização 31,1% e baixa Realização Profissional 13,4%. Os resultados deste estudo foram expressos em dois modelos – um para o domínio Exaustão Emocional e um para Despersonalização; o domínio Realização Profissional não apresentou resultados no modelo multivariado final devido à ausência de significância estatística. No modelo multivariado de Poisson para Exaustão Emocional frequência de lazer diária ou quase todos os dias associou-se inversamente ao domínio e, ser servidor da saúde associou-se positivamente à Exaustão emocional. Para o modelo multivariado final de Poisson para Despersonalização associou-se positivamente ao domínio a categoria profissional docente enquanto que, ter idade mais avançada e praticar atividades físicas associaram-se inversamente ao desenvolvimento da Despersonalização. Estes achados apontam que vivenciar lazer diariamente e praticar atividades físicas são ações que devem ser estimuladas na sociedade através da educação para o lazer, com o intuito de usar o conhecimento das experiências no tempo livre como ferramenta benéfica na promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos, corroborando à literatura quanto a preparação para a aposentadoria.
In the 70s, Burnout Syndrome gained evidence in the academic environment when it was described by Freudenberger's publication as: emotional exhaustion, leading to depersonalization and a feeling of low professional fulfillment. Initially, the public with the highest prevalence of this syndrome was the youngest, currently science has found an association with this exhaustion also among workers who are close to their retirement. Researchers investigate health promotion strategies in this sense and their findings point to the need for education focused on free time and its possibilities, and one of the strategies tested in the literature is leisure education within retirement programs. This research aims to investigate the independent association between Burnout Syndrome and leisure in public employees who are close to their retirement. This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, carried out through a structured questionnaire applied to statutory employees who are five years or less from completing the minimum time for retirement. The dependent variable of this study was the Burnout Syndrome, more specifically the domains that make up the Burnout Syndrome and the independent variable leisure, with other variables also being used due to their potential confounding risks in the analyses. Due to the pandemic period, the interviews took place remotely and for those subjects who declared themselves digitally illiterate, the research was in person with the support of the Public Health Research Unit, respecting the entire health protocol. The model chosen for data analysis was Poisson, and a standard statistical significance level of p equal to or less than 0.05 was adopted to reject the null hypothesis. The total prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 55.5%, with Emotional Exhaustion 41.2%, Depersonalization 31.1% and Low Professional Achievement 13.4%. The results of this study were expressed in two models – one for the Emotional Exhaustion domain and one for Depersonalization; the Professional Achievement domain did not present results in the final multivariate model due to the absence of statistical significance. In Poisson's multivariate model for Emotional Exhaustion, frequency of daily or almost daily leisure was inversely associated with domain, and being a health servant was positively associated with Emotional Exhaustion. For the final multivariate Poisson model for Depersonalization, the professional category of teaching was positively associated with the domain, while being older and practicing physical activities were inversely associated with the development of Depersonalization. These findings indicate that experiencing leisure on a daily basis and practicing physical activities are actions that should be encouraged in society through education for leisure, in order to use knowledge of experiences in free time as a beneficial tool in promoting health and preventing injuries, corroborating the literature regarding preparation for retirement.
In the 70s, Burnout Syndrome gained evidence in the academic environment when it was described by Freudenberger's publication as: emotional exhaustion, leading to depersonalization and a feeling of low professional fulfillment. Initially, the public with the highest prevalence of this syndrome was the youngest, currently science has found an association with this exhaustion also among workers who are close to their retirement. Researchers investigate health promotion strategies in this sense and their findings point to the need for education focused on free time and its possibilities, and one of the strategies tested in the literature is leisure education within retirement programs. This research aims to investigate the independent association between Burnout Syndrome and leisure in public employees who are close to their retirement. This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, carried out through a structured questionnaire applied to statutory employees who are five years or less from completing the minimum time for retirement. The dependent variable of this study was the Burnout Syndrome, more specifically the domains that make up the Burnout Syndrome and the independent variable leisure, with other variables also being used due to their potential confounding risks in the analyses. Due to the pandemic period, the interviews took place remotely and for those subjects who declared themselves digitally illiterate, the research was in person with the support of the Public Health Research Unit, respecting the entire health protocol. The model chosen for data analysis was Poisson, and a standard statistical significance level of p equal to or less than 0.05 was adopted to reject the null hypothesis. The total prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 55.5%, with Emotional Exhaustion 41.2%, Depersonalization 31.1% and Low Professional Achievement 13.4%. The results of this study were expressed in two models – one for the Emotional Exhaustion domain and one for Depersonalization; the Professional Achievement domain did not present results in the final multivariate model due to the absence of statistical significance. In Poisson's multivariate model for Emotional Exhaustion, frequency of daily or almost daily leisure was inversely associated with domain, and being a health servant was positively associated with Emotional Exhaustion. For the final multivariate Poisson model for Depersonalization, the professional category of teaching was positively associated with the domain, while being older and practicing physical activities were inversely associated with the development of Depersonalization. These findings indicate that experiencing leisure on a daily basis and practicing physical activities are actions that should be encouraged in society through education for leisure, in order to use knowledge of experiences in free time as a beneficial tool in promoting health and preventing injuries, corroborating the literature regarding preparation for retirement.
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Palavras-chave
Burnout Síndrome, Saúde Mental, Atividades de lazer, Saúde do trabalhador, Aposentadoria, Mental health, Leisure activities