Protagonistas e filmes brasileiros contemporâneos: em busca do centro de interesse
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Data
2022-10-31
Autores
Arruda, Pedro Oliveira Galvão de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Cineastas de muitos países têm explorado o que ficou conhecido como narrativa em rede, filmes com vários protagonistas, cada qual com sua linha de ação, paralela às demais. Investigamos neste trabalho os princípios composicionais desse esquema narrativo. O referencial teórico adotado, apresentado no primeiro capítulo desta dissertação, é a poética do cinema, informada pela narratologia funcionalista. O capítulo que se segue aborda as três dimensões da narrativa cinematográfica e os indicadores (con)textuais de foco que auxiliam o espectador na tarefa de reconhecer o protagonista de uma narrativa. Com base nisso, analisamos como os indicadores de foco podem interagir uns com os outros para difundir o interesse de uma narrativa entre vários personagens, de modo que nenhum deles pareça ocupar mais o centro do que outro. Nos capítulos seguintes, buscamos iluminar diferentes aspectos do funcionamento desse esquema narrativo em três filmes brasileiros contemporâneos: O Som ao Redor (Kleber Mendonça Filho, 2012), A Vizinhança do Tigre (Affonso Uchôa, 2014) e No Coração do Mundo (Gabriel Martins e Maurílio Martins, 2019). Embora seus temas, suas personagens e suas abordagens à ficção sejam bem diferentes, esses três filmes nacionais enfrentaram o desafio comum de difundir o centro de interesse de suas narrativas entre vários personagens principais.
Filmmakers in many countries have explored what has been called network narrative, films with multiple protagonists, each with its own line of action, parallel to the others. In this work, we investigate the compositional principles of this narrative schema. The theoretical framework adopted, presented in the first chapter of this thesis, is the poetics of cinema, informed by functional narratology. The following chapter addresses the three dimensions of film narrative and the (con)textual indicators of focus that help the spectator in the task of recognizing the protagonist of a narrative. Based on this, we propose a functional definition for this narrative schema and analyze how the indicators of focus can interact with each other to diffuse the narrative’s center of interest among several characters, creating the impression that there are multiple protagonists. In the following chapters, we seek to shed light on different aspects of how this narrative schema works in three contemporary Brazilian films: Neighboring Sounds (O Som ao Redor, dir. Kleber Mendonça Filho, 2012), The Hidden Tiger (A Vizinhança do Tigre, dir. Affonso Uchôa, 2014), and In the Heart of the World (No Coração do Mundo, dir. Gabriel Martins and Maurílio Martins, 2019). Though their subject matter, their characters, and their approaches to fiction are different, these Brazilian films share the challenge of spreading the center of interest of their narratives among several main characters.
Filmmakers in many countries have explored what has been called network narrative, films with multiple protagonists, each with its own line of action, parallel to the others. In this work, we investigate the compositional principles of this narrative schema. The theoretical framework adopted, presented in the first chapter of this thesis, is the poetics of cinema, informed by functional narratology. The following chapter addresses the three dimensions of film narrative and the (con)textual indicators of focus that help the spectator in the task of recognizing the protagonist of a narrative. Based on this, we propose a functional definition for this narrative schema and analyze how the indicators of focus can interact with each other to diffuse the narrative’s center of interest among several characters, creating the impression that there are multiple protagonists. In the following chapters, we seek to shed light on different aspects of how this narrative schema works in three contemporary Brazilian films: Neighboring Sounds (O Som ao Redor, dir. Kleber Mendonça Filho, 2012), The Hidden Tiger (A Vizinhança do Tigre, dir. Affonso Uchôa, 2014), and In the Heart of the World (No Coração do Mundo, dir. Gabriel Martins and Maurílio Martins, 2019). Though their subject matter, their characters, and their approaches to fiction are different, these Brazilian films share the challenge of spreading the center of interest of their narratives among several main characters.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Protagonismo, Narrativa em rede, Poética do cinema, Narratologia funcionalista, Cinema brasileiro contemporâneo, Protagonism, Network narrative, Poetics of cinema, Functional narratology, Contemporary Brazilian cinema