Eficiência no uso de nutrientes em cultivos integrados de peixes e camarões
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Data
2024-02-27
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos o cultivo integrado tem sido utilizado na aquicultura para aumentar a sustentabilidade, podendo otimizar o uso de recursos, espaço e água. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência no uso de nutrientes em viveiros de terra, com adição de espécies de habitat bentônico. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um experimento em doze viveiros, com dois tratamentos e 6 repetições: 1) lambari-do-rabo-amarelo (Astyanax lacustris) e camarão-da-malásia (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) (LP) 2) lambari-do-rabo-amarelo, camarão-da-malásia e curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus) (LPC). O lambari (espécie-alvo) foi alimentado com dieta equivalente a 10% de sua biomassa. O curimbatá e o camarão se beneficiaram dos nutrientes e de resíduos desta dieta. Foram coletadas amostras do sedimento, da água, dos gases trocados com a atmosfera, da ração ofertada ao lambari e dos animais povoados e despescados para a quantificação dos nutrientes. Respectivamente, nos tratamentos LP e LPC, o fósforo entrou no sistema principalmente por meio da dieta ~86,1 e 75%. A maior parte do fósforo que entrou no sistema se acumulou no fundo dos viveiros como sedimento ~55,9 e 57,6% e na biomassa dos peixes ~30,3 e 29,4%. O nitrogênio entrou no sistema principalmente por meio da dieta ~56,4 e 46,4% e da entrada de água ~43,4 e 45%. A saída de nitrogênio do sistema ocorreu principalmente como N2 liberado por bolhas ~46,3 e 40,3% e acumulado no sedimento ~23,9 e 27,9%. O carbono entrou no sistema principalmente por meio da entrada de água ~59,3 e 57,3%, seguido pela dieta ~32,1 e 22,9%. A saída de carbono ocorreu principalmente pela água de infiltração ~49,5 e 49,7%, seguida do acúmulo no sedimento ~33,1 e 35,6%. Os dados sugerem que os nutrientes entram principalmente por meio da dieta (fósforo e nitrogênio) e da água de abastecimento (carbono), e os cultivos integrados retém uma parcela desses nutrientes no sistema. No caso do fósforo boa parte é acumulado na biomassa dos animais despescados. Portanto, a aquicultura integrada apresenta potencial para otimizar o uso de nutrientes.
In recent years, integrated culture has been used in aquaculture to increase sustainability, optimizing the use of resources, space, and water. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency in the use of nutrients in soil ponds, with the addition of benthic habitat species. For this, an experiment was developed in twelve ponds, with two treatments and 6 replications: 1) yellow tail lambari (Astyanax lacustris) and giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) (LP) 2) yellow tail lambari, giant river prawn and curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus) (LPC). The lambari (target species) was fed a diet equivalent to 10% of its biomass. Curimbatá and prawn benefited from the nutrients and residues of this diet. Samples were collected from sediment, water, gases exchanged with the atmosphere, from the feed offered to lambari and from stocked and harvested animals for the quantification of nutrients. Respectively, in the LP and LPC treatments, phosphorus input the system mainly through the diet ~86.1 and 75%. Most of the phosphorus that input the system accumulated at the bottom of the pond as sediment ~55.9 and 57.6% and in fish biomass ~30.3 and 29.4%. Nitrogen input the system primarily through diet ~56.4 and 46.4% and water inlet ~43.4 and 45%. Nitrogen output from the system occurred primarily as N2 released by bubbles ~46.3 and 40.3% and accumulated in the sediment ~23.9 and 27.9%. Carbon input the system primarily through water inlet ~59.3 and 57.3%, followed by diet ~32.1 and 22.9%. Carbon output occurred mainly through seepage water ~49.5 and 49.7%, followed by accumulation in the sediment ~33.1 and 35.6%. The data suggests that nutrients input mainly through the diet (phosphorus and nitrogen) and water inlet (carbon), and integrated cultures retain a portion of these nutrients in the system. In the case of phosphorus, much of it is accumulated in the biomass of harvested animals. Therefore, integrated aquaculture has the potential to optimize nutrient use.
In recent years, integrated culture has been used in aquaculture to increase sustainability, optimizing the use of resources, space, and water. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency in the use of nutrients in soil ponds, with the addition of benthic habitat species. For this, an experiment was developed in twelve ponds, with two treatments and 6 replications: 1) yellow tail lambari (Astyanax lacustris) and giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) (LP) 2) yellow tail lambari, giant river prawn and curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus) (LPC). The lambari (target species) was fed a diet equivalent to 10% of its biomass. Curimbatá and prawn benefited from the nutrients and residues of this diet. Samples were collected from sediment, water, gases exchanged with the atmosphere, from the feed offered to lambari and from stocked and harvested animals for the quantification of nutrients. Respectively, in the LP and LPC treatments, phosphorus input the system mainly through the diet ~86.1 and 75%. Most of the phosphorus that input the system accumulated at the bottom of the pond as sediment ~55.9 and 57.6% and in fish biomass ~30.3 and 29.4%. Nitrogen input the system primarily through diet ~56.4 and 46.4% and water inlet ~43.4 and 45%. Nitrogen output from the system occurred primarily as N2 released by bubbles ~46.3 and 40.3% and accumulated in the sediment ~23.9 and 27.9%. Carbon input the system primarily through water inlet ~59.3 and 57.3%, followed by diet ~32.1 and 22.9%. Carbon output occurred mainly through seepage water ~49.5 and 49.7%, followed by accumulation in the sediment ~33.1 and 35.6%. The data suggests that nutrients input mainly through the diet (phosphorus and nitrogen) and water inlet (carbon), and integrated cultures retain a portion of these nutrients in the system. In the case of phosphorus, much of it is accumulated in the biomass of harvested animals. Therefore, integrated aquaculture has the potential to optimize nutrient use.
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Lambari-do-rabo-amarelo, Curimbatá, Aquicultura, Camarão, Balanço de nutriente
Como citar
BELMUDES NETO, D. - Eficiência no uso de nutrientes em cultivos integrados de peixes e camarões - 2024, 80f - Tese (Doutorado em Aquicultura) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2024.