Biorremediação de nitrogênio, fósforo e metais por comunidade nativa de microalgas e bactérias em efluente tratado anaerobiamente
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Data
2022-11-18
Autores
Santos, Thalita Lacerda
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As atividades humanas e industriais alteram a qualidade dos corpos hídricos, causando diversos danos ambientais, a exemplo da eutrofização. A recuperação de nutrientes e os processos de biorremediação de metais são temas de pesquisa cada vez mais frequentes e as microalgas exercem um papel de destaque, sendo uma ótima alternativa para as abordagens atuais do saneamento. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar diferentes condições de crescimento de uma comunidade mista nativa de microalgas e bactérias em esgoto sanitário tratado por filtro biológico anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente, com vistas às atividades de biorremediação de nutrientes e metais pesados, utilizando o referido efluente como fonte de nutrientes, reduzindo seu potencial poluidor em corpos receptores e possibilitando futuros usos mais vantajosos nas perspectivas econômica e ambiental. O estudo foi executado em escala laboratorial, em reatores cilíndricos de 2L e iluminação artificial através de lâmpadas de LED. A Etapa 1 avaliou o impacto do enriquecimento do ar comprimido com CO2 (5 e 10%). O enriquecimento com 5% de CO2 forneceu as melhores taxas, com 96,5% de remoção de fósforo total em 4 dias e uma taxa de produção de biomassa de 0,04 g.L-1.dia-1. A Etapa 2 foi realizada com ar comprimido enriquecido com 5% de CO2 e avaliou o impacto da variação da intensidade luminosa (154 ± 2; 211 ± 3 e 304 ± 3 µmol.m-2.s-1). O experimento com maior intensidade luminosa obteve as melhores taxas, com 97,1% de remoção de fósforo total em 2 dias e a taxa de produção de biomassa de 0,31 g.L-1.dia-1. A Etapa 3 foi realizada com ar comprimido enriquecido com 5% de CO2, intensidade luminosa de 211±3 µmol.m-2.s-1 e temperatura de 38±5 °C com 97,2% de remoção de fósforo total em 2 dias e a taxa de produção de biomassa de 0,29 g.L-1.dia-1. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível inferir que a cultura apresenta excelente capacidade de remoção de nutrientes em efluente anaeróbio e boa tolerância às variações de temperatura e intensidade luminosa podendo ser uma alternativa para pós-tratamento em escala real. A comunidade não apresentou significativa remoção de metais pesados.
Human and industrial activities decrease the quality of water bodies, causing environmental damage such as eutrophication. Nutrient recovery and metal bioremediation processes are increasingly frequent topics in research and microalgae have a prominent role, being a great alternative to contemporary approaches to sanitation. In this context, the main objective of this work was to study different growth conditions of a native consortium of microalgae and bacteria from sanitary sewage treated by an upflow anaerobic biological filter, with a view to bioremediation activities of nutrients and heavy metals, using this effluent as a source of contaminants, reducing its polluting potential in receiving bodies and allowing more advantageous future uses from an economic and environmental perspectives. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale, in 2L cylindrical reactors and artificial lighting through LED lamps. Round 1 evaluated the impact of enriching the compressed air with CO2 (5 and 10%). Enrichment with 5% CO2 provided the best rates, with 96.5% total phosphorus removal in 4 days and a biomass production rate of 0.04 g.L-1.day-1. Round 2 was performed with compressed air enriched with 5% CO2 and evaluated the impact of light intensity variation (154±2; 211±3 and 304±3 µmol.m-2.s-1). The experiment with the highest light intensity had the best rates, with 97.1% of total phosphorus removal in 2 days and a biomass production rate of 0.31 g.L-1.day-1. Round 3 was carried out with compressed air enriched with 5% CO2, light intensity of 211 ± 3 µmol.m-2.s-1 and temperature of 38±5 °C with 97.2% of total phosphorus removal in 2 days and the biomass production rate of 0.29 g.L-1.day-1. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to infer that the native consortium of microalgae and bacteria has an excellent ability to remove nutrients in anaerobic effluent and good tolerance to variations in temperature and light intensity, which can be an alternative for post-treatment on a full scale. The native consortium did not present significant removal of heavy metals.
Human and industrial activities decrease the quality of water bodies, causing environmental damage such as eutrophication. Nutrient recovery and metal bioremediation processes are increasingly frequent topics in research and microalgae have a prominent role, being a great alternative to contemporary approaches to sanitation. In this context, the main objective of this work was to study different growth conditions of a native consortium of microalgae and bacteria from sanitary sewage treated by an upflow anaerobic biological filter, with a view to bioremediation activities of nutrients and heavy metals, using this effluent as a source of contaminants, reducing its polluting potential in receiving bodies and allowing more advantageous future uses from an economic and environmental perspectives. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale, in 2L cylindrical reactors and artificial lighting through LED lamps. Round 1 evaluated the impact of enriching the compressed air with CO2 (5 and 10%). Enrichment with 5% CO2 provided the best rates, with 96.5% total phosphorus removal in 4 days and a biomass production rate of 0.04 g.L-1.day-1. Round 2 was performed with compressed air enriched with 5% CO2 and evaluated the impact of light intensity variation (154±2; 211±3 and 304±3 µmol.m-2.s-1). The experiment with the highest light intensity had the best rates, with 97.1% of total phosphorus removal in 2 days and a biomass production rate of 0.31 g.L-1.day-1. Round 3 was carried out with compressed air enriched with 5% CO2, light intensity of 211 ± 3 µmol.m-2.s-1 and temperature of 38±5 °C with 97.2% of total phosphorus removal in 2 days and the biomass production rate of 0.29 g.L-1.day-1. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to infer that the native consortium of microalgae and bacteria has an excellent ability to remove nutrients in anaerobic effluent and good tolerance to variations in temperature and light intensity, which can be an alternative for post-treatment on a full scale. The native consortium did not present significant removal of heavy metals.
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Palavras-chave
Cultura mista, Microalgas nativas, Remoção de nutrientes, Biorremediação de metais, Microalgae consortium, Native microalgae, Nutrient removal, Metal bioremediation