Análise da qualidade muscular e funcionalidade de ratas senescentes após treinamento combinado
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Data
2022-07-01
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A sarcopenia compõe a síndrome da fragilidade que pode levar a quedas, fraturas, incapacidade física e mortalidade. Evidências sugerem que a falta de exercício físico favorece a perda de força e massa muscular. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento combinado (TC) no estado redox (sangue e gastrocnêmio) e a imunomarcação de irisina no gastrocnêmio de ratas Wistar no período de senescência reprodutiva. Ratas em periestropausa (17 – 21 meses) e aderentes ao exercício físico foram distribuídas nos grupos não treinadas (NT; n = 10) e TC (n = 10). Durante 4 meses, as ratas foram submetidas ao TC 3x por semana, com treinamento de força (TF) seguido de treinamento aeróbio (TA), o teste de capacidade de carga voluntária máxima (CCVM) e o teste incremental de velocidade máxima (TIVM) foram aplicados para ajustar as cargas e a velocidade durante o período de treinamento. Observamos que o exercício físico regular levou a ganhos de força muscular, hipertrofia e melhora da marcha, além de melhora da capacidade aeróbica, diminuição de TBARS e aumento da defesa antioxidante no músculo gastrocnêmio (TAC; SOD) e plasma (GSH; SOD; CAT). Aumento significante da área de secção transversa na região mediana do músculo gastrocnêmio após o TC, porém a imunomarcação de irisina nestas células não apresentou resultado significante. As ratas submetidas ao TC, durante o período da periestropausa, apresentaram melhora na defesa antioxidante e diminuição do dano oxidativo, além de hipertrofia muscular, ganho de força, melhora da marcha e aumento da capacidade aeróbica quando comparados aos animais sedentários. O conjunto de resultados obtidos indicam importante atuação do TC no músculo gastrocnêmio, com potencial para prevenção no desenvolvimento de sarcopenia e controle motor no período da senescência.
Sarcopenia makes up the frailty syndrome that can lead to falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. Evidence suggests that the lack of physical exercise favors the loss of strength, and muscle mass. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training (CT) on the redox state (blood and gastrocnemius) and the immunostaining of irisin in the gastrocnemius of Wistar rats in the reproductive senescence period. Periestropause rats (17 – 21 months) and adherent to physical exercise were distributed into the untrained (NT; n = 10) and CT (n = 10) groups. For 4 months, the rats were submitted to CT 3x a week, with strength training (ST) followed by aerobic training (AT), the maximum voluntary carrying capacity test (MVCC) and the incremental maximum velocity test (IMV) were applied to adjust loads and speed during the training period. We observed that regular physical exercise led to gains in muscle strength, hypertrophy, and gait improvement, in addition to improved aerobic capacity, decreased TBARS, and increased antioxidant defense in the gastrocnemius muscle (FRAP; SOD) and plasma (GSH; SOD; CAT). An increase in irisin expression in the gastrocnemius was observed after CT, but not enough for a significant result. Rats submitted to CT, in the periestropause period, showed improvement in antioxidant defense and decreased oxidative damage, in addition to muscle hypertrophy, strength gain, improved gait, and increased aerobic capacity of animals submitted to CT when compared to sedentary animals. The set of results obtained shows an important role of CT in the gastrocnemius muscle, with the potential to prevent the development of sarcopenia and motor control in the period of senescence.
Sarcopenia makes up the frailty syndrome that can lead to falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. Evidence suggests that the lack of physical exercise favors the loss of strength, and muscle mass. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training (CT) on the redox state (blood and gastrocnemius) and the immunostaining of irisin in the gastrocnemius of Wistar rats in the reproductive senescence period. Periestropause rats (17 – 21 months) and adherent to physical exercise were distributed into the untrained (NT; n = 10) and CT (n = 10) groups. For 4 months, the rats were submitted to CT 3x a week, with strength training (ST) followed by aerobic training (AT), the maximum voluntary carrying capacity test (MVCC) and the incremental maximum velocity test (IMV) were applied to adjust loads and speed during the training period. We observed that regular physical exercise led to gains in muscle strength, hypertrophy, and gait improvement, in addition to improved aerobic capacity, decreased TBARS, and increased antioxidant defense in the gastrocnemius muscle (FRAP; SOD) and plasma (GSH; SOD; CAT). An increase in irisin expression in the gastrocnemius was observed after CT, but not enough for a significant result. Rats submitted to CT, in the periestropause period, showed improvement in antioxidant defense and decreased oxidative damage, in addition to muscle hypertrophy, strength gain, improved gait, and increased aerobic capacity of animals submitted to CT when compared to sedentary animals. The set of results obtained shows an important role of CT in the gastrocnemius muscle, with the potential to prevent the development of sarcopenia and motor control in the period of senescence.
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Palavras-chave
Sarcopenia, Estresse oxidativo, Oxidative stress