Observational Characterization of the Downward Atmospheric Longwave Radiation at the Surface in the City of São Paulo

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dc.contributor.authorBarbaro, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Amauri P.
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Jacyra
dc.contributor.authorCodato, Georgia
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Mauricio J.
dc.contributor.authorMlakar, Primoz
dc.contributor.authorBoznar, Marija Z.
dc.contributor.authorEscobedo, João Francisco [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)
dc.contributor.institutionMEIS Doo
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-20T13:21:51Z
dc.date.available2014-05-20T13:21:51Z
dc.date.issued2010-12-01
dc.description.abstractThis work describes the seasonal and diurnal variations of downward longwave atmospheric irradiance (LW) at the surface in São Paulo, Brazil, using 5-min-averaged values of LW, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation observed continuously and simultaneously from 1997 to 2006 on a micrometeorological platform, located at the top of a 4-story building. An objective procedure, including 2-step filtering and dome emission effect correction, was used to evaluate the quality of the 9-yr-long LW dataset. The comparison between LW values observed and yielded by the Surface Radiation Budget project shows spatial and temporal agreement, indicating that monthly and annual average values of LW observed in one point of São Paulo can be used as representative of the entire metropolitan region of São Paulo. The maximum monthly averaged value of the LW is observed during summer (389 +/- 14 W m(-2): January), and the minimum is observed during winter (332 +/- 12 W m(-2); July). The effective emissivity follows the LW and shows a maximum in summer (0.907 +/- 0.032; January) and a minimum in winter (0.818 +/- 0.029; June). The mean cloud effect, identified objectively by comparing the monthly averaged values of the LW during clear-sky days and all-sky conditions, intensified the monthly average LW by about 32.0 +/- 3.5 W m(-2) and the atmospheric effective emissivity by about 0.088 +/- 0.024. In August, the driest month of the year in São Paulo, the diurnal evolution of the LW shows a minimum (325 +/- 11 W m(-2)) at 0900 LT and a maximum (345 12 W m-2) at 1800 LT, which lags behind (by 4 h) the maximum diurnal variation of the screen temperature. The diurnal evolution of effective emissivity shows a minimum (0.781 +/- 0.027) during daytime and a maximum (0.842 +/- 0.030) during nighttime. The diurnal evolution of all-sky condition and clear-sky day differences in the effective emissivity remain relatively constant (7% +/- 1%), indicating that clouds do not change the emissivity diurnal pattern. The relationship between effective emissivity and screen air temperature and between effective emissivity and water vapor is complex. During the night, when the planetary boundary layer is shallower, the effective emissivity can be estimated by screen parameters. During the day, the relationship between effective emissivity and screen parameters varies from place to place and depends on the planetary boundary layer process. Because the empirical expressions do not contain enough information about the diurnal variation of the vertical stratification of air temperature and moisture in São Paulo, they are likely to fail in reproducing the diurnal variation of the surface emissivity. The most accurate way to estimate the LW for clear-sky conditions in São Paulo is to use an expression derived from a purely empirical approach.en
dc.description.affiliationUniv São Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grp Micrometeorol, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationMEIS Doo, Mali Vrh Pri Smarju, Slovenia
dc.description.affiliationState Univ São Paulo, Sch Agron Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnespState Univ São Paulo, Sch Agron Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.description.sponsorshipIdCNPq: 476807/2007-7
dc.format.extent2574-2590
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAMC2304.1
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. Boston: Amer Meteorological Soc, v. 49, n. 12, p. 2574-2590, 2010.
dc.identifier.doi10.1175/2010JAMC2304.1
dc.identifier.fileWOS000285894500012.pdf
dc.identifier.issn1558-8424
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/6337
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000285894500012
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmer Meteorological Soc
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
dc.relation.ispartofjcr2.236
dc.relation.ispartofsjr1,408
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceWeb of Science
dc.titleObservational Characterization of the Downward Atmospheric Longwave Radiation at the Surface in the City of São Pauloen
dc.typeArtigo
dcterms.licensehttp://www2.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/publications/authors/journal-and-bams-authors/author-resources/copyright-information/copyright-policy/
dcterms.rightsHolderAmer Meteorological Soc
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-3446-4607[4]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-0242-5603[3]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-7878-2514[1]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-6585-454X[2]
unesp.campusUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatupt

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Artigos - Solos e Recursos Ambientais - FCA