Financiamento à inovação: o programa PIPE FAPESP
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Data
2024-02-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O financiamento para a realização de atividades inovativa é de suma importância para incentivar investimentos para reduzir riscos e incertezas inerentes a estas atividades e, dessa forma, aumentar a competitividade das empresas e a produtividade nacional. As instituições de fomento são responsáveis por repassar recursos para os pesquisadores nas universidades, empresas e instituições de pesquisa, possibilitando que projetos sejam elaborados ou desenvolvidos e, consequentemente, novos e melhores produtos e serviços possam vir a ser comercializados. O presente trabalho tem como objeto o Programa PIPE (Programa para Pesquisa Inovativa em Pequenas Empresas), um programa de financiamento público da Fapesp (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo). O Programa se inicia na etapa de viabilidade das propostas, passa pelo desenvolvimento dos projetos e alcança a aplicação comercial por intermédio de parcerias e convênios. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o perfil e o comportamento do Programa, elencando os principais demandantes por recursos, as filiações institucionais e os municípios do Estado que eles se localizam. Para isso, com dados do PIPE disponibilizados pela Fapesp para o período entre 1998 e 2023, foram realizadas análises descritivas e, adicionalmente, mapas de calor e análises de cluster para caracterizar o que denominamos polos tecnológicos - regiões com maior demanda por recursos. Foi observado que o programa passou por diferentes períodos (estruturação, revisão/reestruturação e consolidação), que repercutiram na abrangência dos benefícios concedidos. Ademais, foi observado que as áreas de conhecimento que a literatura aponta como demandantes por maiores esforços inovativos (engenharia elétrica, engenharia de materiais e metalúrgica e ciência da computação) se destacam como áreas com o maior número de projetos financiados pelo Programa PIPE e, cidades consideradas polos tecnológicos (São Paulo, Campinas, São José dos Campos e Ribeirão Preto) representam não só as cidades com o maior número de projetos como também com os valores mais altos financiados.
Funding for innovative activities is of the utmost importance to encourage investment in order to reduce the risks and uncertainties inherent in these activities and thus increase the competitiveness of companies and national productivity. Funding institutions are responsible for passing on resources to researchers at universities, companies and research institutions, enabling projects to be drawn up or developed and, consequently, new and better products and services to be marketed. The subject of this paper is the PIPE Program (Program for Innovative Research in Small Businesses), a public funding program run by Fapesp (São Paulo State Research Foundation). The program begins with the feasibility stage of proposals, goes through project development and reaches commercial application through partnerships and agreements. The aim of the study is to assess the profile and behavior of the Program, listing the main applicants for funds, their institutional affiliations and the municipalities in the state where they are located. To this end, using PIPE data made available by Fapesp for the period between 1998 and 2023, descriptive analyses were carried out, as well as heat maps and cluster analyses to characterize what we call technological poles - regions with the greatest demand for resources. It was observed that the program went through different periods (structuring, revision/restructuring and consolidation), which had repercussions on the scope of the benefits granted. In addition, it was observed that the areas of knowledge that the literature points to as demanding greater innovative efforts (electrical engineering, materials and metallurgical engineering and computer science) stand out as areas with the highest number of projects funded by the PIPE Program and, cities considered technological hubs (São Paulo, Campinas, São José dos Campos and Ribeirão Preto) represent not only the cities with the highest number of projects but also with the highest amounts funded.
Funding for innovative activities is of the utmost importance to encourage investment in order to reduce the risks and uncertainties inherent in these activities and thus increase the competitiveness of companies and national productivity. Funding institutions are responsible for passing on resources to researchers at universities, companies and research institutions, enabling projects to be drawn up or developed and, consequently, new and better products and services to be marketed. The subject of this paper is the PIPE Program (Program for Innovative Research in Small Businesses), a public funding program run by Fapesp (São Paulo State Research Foundation). The program begins with the feasibility stage of proposals, goes through project development and reaches commercial application through partnerships and agreements. The aim of the study is to assess the profile and behavior of the Program, listing the main applicants for funds, their institutional affiliations and the municipalities in the state where they are located. To this end, using PIPE data made available by Fapesp for the period between 1998 and 2023, descriptive analyses were carried out, as well as heat maps and cluster analyses to characterize what we call technological poles - regions with the greatest demand for resources. It was observed that the program went through different periods (structuring, revision/restructuring and consolidation), which had repercussions on the scope of the benefits granted. In addition, it was observed that the areas of knowledge that the literature points to as demanding greater innovative efforts (electrical engineering, materials and metallurgical engineering and computer science) stand out as areas with the highest number of projects funded by the PIPE Program and, cities considered technological hubs (São Paulo, Campinas, São José dos Campos and Ribeirão Preto) represent not only the cities with the highest number of projects but also with the highest amounts funded.
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Financiamento, Inovação, Programa PIPE, Fapesp, São Paulo, Financing, Innovation, PIPE Program