Malformações congênitas em cães braquicefálicos: um estudo retrospectivo
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Data
2022-07-30
Autores
Estevam, Marina Vilela [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Por causa do seu temperamento dócil e características peculiares, cães braquicefálicos se tornaram muito populares nos últimos anos. Para obter essas características, muitos anos de endogamia foram necessários e resultaram em um alto grau de homozigose e com isso, muitos genes deletérios se manifestaram. Ao mesmo tempo, temos visto um aumento nos relatos de caso de malformações congênitas, especialmente em raças braquicefálicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a frequência de malformações em cães braquicefálicos comparados a outras raças puras e mestiças. Para isso, os registros médicos das fêmeas gestantes atendidas entre janeiro de 2017 e dezembro de 2021 foram recuperados do sistema computadorizado do Hospital Veterinário e analisados um por um. Após uma rigorosa seleção, setecentos e sessenta e oito neonatos de cento e sessenta e oito ninhadas foram selecionados. Dessas ninhadas, 72,6% (122/168) eram braquicefálicas. Malformações foram diagnosticadas em cinquenta e dois filhotes, com uma incidência de 6,77% (52/768). Das trinta e duas ninhadas que produziram filhotes malformados, vinte e oito eram braquicefálicas (87,5%). No total, vinte e três tipos de malformações foram registrados, sendo as mais comuns Fenda Palatina (1,30%) e Anasarca (1,17%). 19,23% (10/52) dos filhotes apresentaram mais de uma malformação aparente. A respeito do tipo de parto, cesarianas eletivas totalizaram 66,6% dos nascimentos e o número se justifica pela frequência de atendimento de raças predispostas a distocia atendidas no Hospital Veterinário. Vinte e nove prontuários foram excluídos devido à falta de dados. A ausência de dados no histórico médico que justifique outras causas (como deficiências nutricionais, uso de fármacos, infecções ou radiação) somadas à baixa incidência de malformações em outras raças, nos direciona ao fator genético que envolve as raças braquicefálicas. Muitas gerações de inbreeding resultaram em uma população quase que totalmente homozigota o que aumenta a probabilidade de malformações. Esse cenário nos chama a olhar com mais cuidado para a forma como essas raças são reproduzidas.
Because of their docile temperament and peculiar features, brachycephalic dogs have become more popular in the last years. To obtain these characteristics, many years of inbreeding were needed that resulted in a high degree of homozygosity, and with it, more deleterious genes manifested. At the same time, we have seen an increase of reported cases of congenital malformations especially in brachycephalic breeds. The aim of this study was to observe the frequency of malformations in brachycephalic dogs compared to other pure and mixed breeds (MB). Therefore, medical records of pregnant bitches attended between January 2017 to December 2021 were retrieved from the Hospital's computer system and analized one by one. After a rigorous selection, seven hundred sixty-eight neonates born from one hundred and sixty-eight litters were included. Of these litters, 72.6% (122/168) were brachycephalic. Malformations were seen in fifty-two puppies, with an incidence of 6.77% (52/768). Of the thirty-two litters that produced malformed pups, twenty-eight were brachycephalic (87.5%). In total, twenty-three types of malformations were registered, the most common being cleft palate (1.30%) and anasarca (1.17%). 19.23% (10/52) of the puppies had more than one apparent malformation. Regarding the type of delivery, elective cesarean sections totalized 66.6% of births and the number is justified by the frequency of breeds predisposed to dystocia consulted at the veterinary hospital. Twenty-nine files were excluded due to a lack of data. The absence of data in the medical history that could justify other causes (such as nutritional deficiencies, drug use, infections, or radiation) added to the low incidence of malformation in other breeds, directs us to the genetic factor involving brachycephalic breeds. Many generations of inbreeding result in an almost completely homozygous population which increases the probability of malformations. It calls us to a more careful look at the way that these breeds are reproduced
Because of their docile temperament and peculiar features, brachycephalic dogs have become more popular in the last years. To obtain these characteristics, many years of inbreeding were needed that resulted in a high degree of homozygosity, and with it, more deleterious genes manifested. At the same time, we have seen an increase of reported cases of congenital malformations especially in brachycephalic breeds. The aim of this study was to observe the frequency of malformations in brachycephalic dogs compared to other pure and mixed breeds (MB). Therefore, medical records of pregnant bitches attended between January 2017 to December 2021 were retrieved from the Hospital's computer system and analized one by one. After a rigorous selection, seven hundred sixty-eight neonates born from one hundred and sixty-eight litters were included. Of these litters, 72.6% (122/168) were brachycephalic. Malformations were seen in fifty-two puppies, with an incidence of 6.77% (52/768). Of the thirty-two litters that produced malformed pups, twenty-eight were brachycephalic (87.5%). In total, twenty-three types of malformations were registered, the most common being cleft palate (1.30%) and anasarca (1.17%). 19.23% (10/52) of the puppies had more than one apparent malformation. Regarding the type of delivery, elective cesarean sections totalized 66.6% of births and the number is justified by the frequency of breeds predisposed to dystocia consulted at the veterinary hospital. Twenty-nine files were excluded due to a lack of data. The absence of data in the medical history that could justify other causes (such as nutritional deficiencies, drug use, infections, or radiation) added to the low incidence of malformation in other breeds, directs us to the genetic factor involving brachycephalic breeds. Many generations of inbreeding result in an almost completely homozygous population which increases the probability of malformations. It calls us to a more careful look at the way that these breeds are reproduced
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Palavras-chave
Neonato, Congenital malformations, Anasarca, Malformações congênitas, Fenda Palatina