Farinhas de insetos em dietas para juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)
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Data
2022-12-16
Autores
Santos, Monique Virães Barbosa dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O crescimento da aquicultura tem impulsionado a procura por ingredientes alternativos mais sustentáveis do que os alimentos convencionais. Neste sentido, as farinhas de insetos são consideradas ótimas fontes de nutrientes, que têm apresentado resultados promissores em diversas espécies de peixes. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar farinhas de insetos na alimentação de juvenis de pacu por meio de estudos de digestibilidade, desempenho, composição corporal e bioquímica sanguínea. Foram conduzidos três experimentos no Laboratório de Modelagem em Nutrição de Peixes do Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. O primeiro foi realizado para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta e energia das farinhas de barata cinérea, de tenébrio comum e de duas espécies de moscas (mosca soldado negra e mosca comum) pelos juvenis de pacu. O segundo experimento teve seis tratamentos, constituídos por 25% e 50% de substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe pela proteína das farinhas de mosca soldado negra (Hermetia illucens), barata cinérea (Nauphoeta cinerea) e tenébrio comum (Tenebrio molitor). O terceiro foi conduzido com cinco tratamentos, constituídos por dietas com níveis crescentes de substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe pela proteína da farinha de larvas de mosca soldado negra. Nos experimentos II e III, foram avaliados o desempenho, composição corporal, índices somáticos e respostas metabólicas sanguíneas. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de proteína das farinhas de insetos pelos juvenis de pacu não apresentaram diferenças significativas (valores entre 80,6% para a farinha de tenébrio e 84,4% para a farinha de mosca soldado negra). Houve diferenças significativas para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de energia das farinhas de insetos, sendo o maior para a farinha de larvas de tenébrio (98,4%). No experimento II, foram observadas diferenças significativas para desempenho, triglicerídeos sanguíneos e composição corporal de água e gordura de juvenis de pacu. A inclusão dietética das farinhas de insetos não afetou os teores de proteína e cinzas corporais, assim como os níveis sanguíneos de glicose, proteína e colesterol dos juvenis de pacu. No experimento III, a inclusão da farinha de H. Illucens aumentou significativamente o peso final, o ganho em peso, a taxa de crescimento específica, o consumo de ração, o teor de gordura corporal e o colesterol sanguíneo de juvenis de pacu. No entanto, não afetou a conversão alimentar, os índices somáticos e a composição de água, proteína bruta e cinzas corporais. A glicose, proteína total e triglicerídeos sanguíneos dos juvenis de pacu também não foram afetados pela substituição da farinha de peixe pela farinha de mosca soldado negra. Os resultados indicam que as farinhas de insetos estudadas podem ser utilizadas como fonte proteica para as fases iniciais de pacu.
The growth of aquaculture has driven demand for alternative ingredients that are more sustainable than conventional foods. In this sense, insect meal is considered a great source of nutrients, which has shown promising results in several species of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate insect meals in feeding pacu juveniles through studies of digestibility, performance, body composition, and blood biochemistry. Three experiments were conducted at the Fish Nutrition Modeling Laboratory of Unesp Aquaculture Center in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The first was performed to determine the digestibility coefficients of crude protein and energy of the cinereous cockroach meal, yellow mealworm, and two species of flies (black soldier fly and common housefly) by pacu juveniles. The second experiment had six treatments, consisting of 25% and 50% replacement of fishmeal protein by the protein of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), cinereous cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea), and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). The third was conducted with five treatments, consisting of diets with increasing levels of replacement of fishmeal protein by the meal protein of black soldier fly larvae. Experiments II and III evaluated performance, body composition, somatic indexes, and blood metabolic responses. The apparent protein digestibility coefficients of insect meals by pacu juveniles showed no significant differences (values between 80.6% for mealworm and 84.4% for black soldier fly meal). There were significant differences in insect meals apparent energy digestibility coefficients, the highest being for mealworm larvae (98.4%). In experiment II, significant differences were observed for performance, blood triglycerides, and body composition of water and fat of pacu juveniles. The dietary inclusion of insect meals did not affect the protein and body ash contents, as well as the blood glucose, protein, and cholesterol levels of pacu juveniles. In experiment III, the inclusion of H. Illucens meal significantly increased the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, body fat content, and blood cholesterol of pacu juveniles. However, it did not affect feed conversion, somatic indexes, and the composition of water, crude protein, and body ash. The glucose, total protein, and blood triglycerides of pacu juveniles were also not affected by the replacement of fishmeal with black soldier fly meal.The results indicate that the insect meals studied can be used as a protein source for the early stages of pacu.
The growth of aquaculture has driven demand for alternative ingredients that are more sustainable than conventional foods. In this sense, insect meal is considered a great source of nutrients, which has shown promising results in several species of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate insect meals in feeding pacu juveniles through studies of digestibility, performance, body composition, and blood biochemistry. Three experiments were conducted at the Fish Nutrition Modeling Laboratory of Unesp Aquaculture Center in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The first was performed to determine the digestibility coefficients of crude protein and energy of the cinereous cockroach meal, yellow mealworm, and two species of flies (black soldier fly and common housefly) by pacu juveniles. The second experiment had six treatments, consisting of 25% and 50% replacement of fishmeal protein by the protein of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), cinereous cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea), and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). The third was conducted with five treatments, consisting of diets with increasing levels of replacement of fishmeal protein by the meal protein of black soldier fly larvae. Experiments II and III evaluated performance, body composition, somatic indexes, and blood metabolic responses. The apparent protein digestibility coefficients of insect meals by pacu juveniles showed no significant differences (values between 80.6% for mealworm and 84.4% for black soldier fly meal). There were significant differences in insect meals apparent energy digestibility coefficients, the highest being for mealworm larvae (98.4%). In experiment II, significant differences were observed for performance, blood triglycerides, and body composition of water and fat of pacu juveniles. The dietary inclusion of insect meals did not affect the protein and body ash contents, as well as the blood glucose, protein, and cholesterol levels of pacu juveniles. In experiment III, the inclusion of H. Illucens meal significantly increased the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, body fat content, and blood cholesterol of pacu juveniles. However, it did not affect feed conversion, somatic indexes, and the composition of water, crude protein, and body ash. The glucose, total protein, and blood triglycerides of pacu juveniles were also not affected by the replacement of fishmeal with black soldier fly meal.The results indicate that the insect meals studied can be used as a protein source for the early stages of pacu.
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Palavras-chave
Nutrição animal, Peixe Alimentação e rações, Insetos comestíveis, Animal nutrition, Fish Feeding and feeds, Edible insects