Estresse e estressores ocupacionais de agricultores familiares: um estudo no município de Araçatuba-SP
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Data
2023-02-08
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A atividade agrícola familiar tem sido considerada como uma atividade perigosa, repleta de imprevistos e geradora de altos níveis de estresse. O estresse é um conceito interdisciplinar e entendido como um processo avaliativo que desencadeia respostas psicofisiológicas que visam a adaptação de uma pessoa às situações percebidas como estressoras. Quando os estressores são avaliados como excedendo às capacidades do indivíduo de lidar com eles ou quando a exposição dura um certo tempo, pode acarretar prejuízos à saúde física e psicológica. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o nível de estresse dos agricultores familiares do município de Araçatuba-SP. Especificamente buscou-se identificar as características sociodemográficas, identificar a prevalência de sintomas físicos e psicológicos e identificar os estressores ocupacionais. Trata-se uma pesquisa de recorte transversal, com levantamento bibliográfico, natureza aplicada, com objetivo exploratório-descritivo, abordagem quali-quantitativa e com procedimentos de revisão de literatura e de levantamento. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), formulário em escala Likert para identificação e mensuração dos estressores ocupacionais na atividade agrícola familiar e formulário para coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Os dados foram descritos estatisticamente e foram realizadas inferências univariadas e multivariadas. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos participantes da pesquisa apresentaram níveis de estresse leve e moderado e a prevalência de sintomas físicos. As principais categorias de estressores foram: fatores incontroláveis, falta de assessoria/quebra de maquinário, baixa valorização da profissão e finanças
Family farming has been considered a dangerous activity, full of unforeseen events and generating high levels of stress. Stress is an interdisciplinary concept and is understood as an evaluative process that triggers psychophysiological responses aimed at adapting a person to situations perceived as stressful. When stressors are assessed as exceeding the individual's ability to deal with them or when exposure lasts for a certain time, it can lead to damage to physical and psychological health. Given this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the stress level of family farmers in the municipality of Araçatuba-SP. Specifically, it sought to identify sociodemographic characteristics, identify the prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms and identify occupational stressors. It was a cross-sectional research, a bibliographic survey, applied nature, exploratory-descriptive objective, quali-quantitative approach, with literature review and survey procedures. The following data collection instruments were used: Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), a Likert scale form to identify and measure occupational stressors in family farming activities, and a form to collect sociodemographic data. Data were statistically described and univariate and multivariate inferences were made. The results revealed that most research participants had mild and moderate stress levels and the prevalence of physical symptoms. The main categories of stressors were: uncontrollable factors, lack of assistance/machinery breakdown, low appreciation of the profession and finances.
Family farming has been considered a dangerous activity, full of unforeseen events and generating high levels of stress. Stress is an interdisciplinary concept and is understood as an evaluative process that triggers psychophysiological responses aimed at adapting a person to situations perceived as stressful. When stressors are assessed as exceeding the individual's ability to deal with them or when exposure lasts for a certain time, it can lead to damage to physical and psychological health. Given this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the stress level of family farmers in the municipality of Araçatuba-SP. Specifically, it sought to identify sociodemographic characteristics, identify the prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms and identify occupational stressors. It was a cross-sectional research, a bibliographic survey, applied nature, exploratory-descriptive objective, quali-quantitative approach, with literature review and survey procedures. The following data collection instruments were used: Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL), a Likert scale form to identify and measure occupational stressors in family farming activities, and a form to collect sociodemographic data. Data were statistically described and univariate and multivariate inferences were made. The results revealed that most research participants had mild and moderate stress levels and the prevalence of physical symptoms. The main categories of stressors were: uncontrollable factors, lack of assistance/machinery breakdown, low appreciation of the profession and finances.
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Agricultura familiar, Estresse, Níveis de estresse, Estressores ocupacionais