Espaços verdes urbanos e a pessoa com deficiência visual: uma análise da praça Rui Barbosa, Bauru, SP
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Data
2022-11-21
Autores
Bontempo, Karina Porto
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As áreas verdes são ideais à integração social, à recreação, à proximidade com a natureza, ao lazer e à contemplação. No entanto, isso só ocorre quando o espaço é percebido e apropriado pelas pessoas. Com a diversidade de que dispomos no Brasil, há a necessidade de se conceber espaços considerando-se as diferentes maneiras de compreensão e de interação com o ambiente e com as habilidades e limitações de cada indivíduo. Mesmo com a adoção de normas, políticas e princípios do Desenho Universal, que tornam os espaços públicos cada vez mais inclusivos, ainda é bastante limitado o acesso, com segurança e qualidade, de pessoas com deficiência às áreas verdes urbanas. Das pessoas com deficiência, destacam-se como menos contempladas as Pessoas com Deficiência Visual (PCD Visual), pois sua forma de perceber o espaço e com ele interagir, raramente é levada em consideração pelos projetos, principalmente, os destinados a espaços verdes, gerando nesse grupo sensação de desconforto, insegurança, desorientação e a consequente exclusão desses ambientes. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as demandas por aperfeiçoamento de espaços construídos em áreas verdes públicas para pessoas com deficiência visual, permitindo a elas percepção sensorial mais apurada, sentido de apropriação mais concreto e o melhor usufruto desse espaço. Como objeto de estudo, tomou-se a Praça Rui Barbosa, na cidade de Bauru, SP. Um logradouro de importância histórica e cultural, o primeiro espaço público da cidade, que atualmente sofre com o abandono e a insegurança, típicos das áreas urbanas brasileiras, mas, dada a sua localização estratégica, no centro comercial, é intensamente frequentado. Entre os usuários, as PCD Visual são os que mais sofrem com as condições adversas do logradouro, quando não, são totalmente excluídas, por considerarem não ser possível enfrentar essas condições. Como recursos metodológicos, utilizou-se a revisão da literatura; observação e registro in loco; levantamento documental; entrevistas semiestruturadas; Constelação de Atributos; Poema dos Desejos; e Manipulação de Maquete Tátil. Os principais autores que nortearam a pesquisa foram Dischinger (2000; 2006; 2016); Queiroz (2014; 2015); Villarouco (2011); Robba e Macedo (2003); e Gehl (2015). A Matriz de Descobertas foi escolhida como forma de demonstração dos resultados para a avaliação do espaço e a Matriz de Recomendações para expor as Diretrizes ao planejamento de uma praça. Constatou-se, em linhas gerais, que as praças podem ser mais convidativas e seguras à permanência da PCD Visual adotando-se: a incorporação de tecnologias atuais como recurso de informação e orientação, utilizando-se como dispositivo de acionamento o smartphone; a oferta de serviços digitais restritos ao espaço; a diversificação de equipamentos de lazer e entretenimento inclusivos devidamente sinalizados; ampliação da sinalização tátil; a incorporação da arte urbana enfatizando os recursos de acessibilidade; utilização do paisagismo funcional como recurso de orientação; e o maior envolvimento das PCD Visual na concepção e manutenção da praça.
The green areas are ideal for social integration, recreation, contact with nature, leisure and contemplation. However, this only occurs when it is perceived and appropriate by users/people. With the diversity we have in Brazil, there is a need to design spaces considering the different ways of understanding and interacting with the environment and with the abilities and limitations of each individual. Even with the progress of adoption of Universal Design norms, policies and principles that make public spaces increasingly inclusive, access with safety and quality for people with disabilities to urban green areas is still quite limited. Between people with disabilities, the Persons Visually Impaired (Visual PWD) are the least contemplated, because, as we can observe, their way of perceiving and interacting the space it is rarely taken into account by the projects, especially those destined for green spaces. As a result, Visually Impaired usually feel discomfort, insecurity, disorientation and, consequently, they have been excluded from theses spaces. This research aims to investigate the demands for improvement of spaces built in public green areas for people with visual impairments, allowing them to have a more accurate sensory of perception, a more concrete sense of appropriation and better enjoyment of this environment. And as an object of study, it had taken to analyze the Praça Rui Barbosa, in the city of Bauru, SP. This street has a historical and cultural importance. It was the first public space in the city, which suffers from abandonment and insecurity. So, this streeet is a typical brazilian case in urban central area, however, because of its strategic location in the commercial city center zone, it have been intensely frequented by people in general. Among people with disabilities, the Visual PWDs are the ones who suffer more from the adverse conditions of the street, and often, they are totally excluded, just because they feel impossible to face the inappropriate conditions of theses spaces. As methodological resources, we used the literature review; observation and recording in loco; documentary survey; semi-structured interviews; Constellation of Attributes; Poem of Desires; and Tactile Mockup Manipulation. The main authors who guided the research were Dischinger (2000; 2006; 2016); Queiroz (2014; 2015); Villarouco (2011); Robba and Macedo (2003); and Gehl (2015). The Matrix of Discoveries was chosen as a way of demonstrating the results for the evaluation of the space and also The Matrix of Recommendation was taken to expose the Guidelines of this research. It was found that the squares can be more inviting and safer for the permanence of PCD Visual by adopting: the incorporation of current technologies as an information and guidance resource, using the smartphone as a triggering device, since common use of users; the offer of digital services restricted to space; the diversification of properly signposted inclusive leisure and entertainment equipment; expansion of tactile signaling; the incorporation of urban art emphasizing accessibility features; use of functional landscaping as an orientation resource; and the greater involvement of PCD Visual in the conception and maintenance of the square.
The green areas are ideal for social integration, recreation, contact with nature, leisure and contemplation. However, this only occurs when it is perceived and appropriate by users/people. With the diversity we have in Brazil, there is a need to design spaces considering the different ways of understanding and interacting with the environment and with the abilities and limitations of each individual. Even with the progress of adoption of Universal Design norms, policies and principles that make public spaces increasingly inclusive, access with safety and quality for people with disabilities to urban green areas is still quite limited. Between people with disabilities, the Persons Visually Impaired (Visual PWD) are the least contemplated, because, as we can observe, their way of perceiving and interacting the space it is rarely taken into account by the projects, especially those destined for green spaces. As a result, Visually Impaired usually feel discomfort, insecurity, disorientation and, consequently, they have been excluded from theses spaces. This research aims to investigate the demands for improvement of spaces built in public green areas for people with visual impairments, allowing them to have a more accurate sensory of perception, a more concrete sense of appropriation and better enjoyment of this environment. And as an object of study, it had taken to analyze the Praça Rui Barbosa, in the city of Bauru, SP. This street has a historical and cultural importance. It was the first public space in the city, which suffers from abandonment and insecurity. So, this streeet is a typical brazilian case in urban central area, however, because of its strategic location in the commercial city center zone, it have been intensely frequented by people in general. Among people with disabilities, the Visual PWDs are the ones who suffer more from the adverse conditions of the street, and often, they are totally excluded, just because they feel impossible to face the inappropriate conditions of theses spaces. As methodological resources, we used the literature review; observation and recording in loco; documentary survey; semi-structured interviews; Constellation of Attributes; Poem of Desires; and Tactile Mockup Manipulation. The main authors who guided the research were Dischinger (2000; 2006; 2016); Queiroz (2014; 2015); Villarouco (2011); Robba and Macedo (2003); and Gehl (2015). The Matrix of Discoveries was chosen as a way of demonstrating the results for the evaluation of the space and also The Matrix of Recommendation was taken to expose the Guidelines of this research. It was found that the squares can be more inviting and safer for the permanence of PCD Visual by adopting: the incorporation of current technologies as an information and guidance resource, using the smartphone as a triggering device, since common use of users; the offer of digital services restricted to space; the diversification of properly signposted inclusive leisure and entertainment equipment; expansion of tactile signaling; the incorporation of urban art emphasizing accessibility features; use of functional landscaping as an orientation resource; and the greater involvement of PCD Visual in the conception and maintenance of the square.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Design, Design contemporâneo, Pessoa com deficiência visual, Áreas verdes, Acessibilidade, Praça, , Contemporary Design, Visually impaired person, Green areas, Accessibility, Square