Efficacy and safety of immunological adjuvants. Where is the cut-off?

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dc.contributor.authorBatista-Duharte, Alexander [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMartínez, Damiana Téllez [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorCarlos, Iracilda Zeppone [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-11T17:20:43Z
dc.date.available2018-12-11T17:20:43Z
dc.date.issued2018-09-01
dc.description.abstractResearch over the past several decades has provided insight into the mode of action of adjuvants. However, the main focus of attention has been the efficacy in the induction of protective immunogenicity, while less effort has been devoted to the study of toxicity mechanisms. Evidences suggest that several mechanisms that are responsible for the immunostimulating effects are, at the same time, responsible of the adverse effects. In this context, it is often very difficult to establish the boundaries between immunostimulation and immunotoxicity to reach the ideal balance of efficacy/safety. During decades, hundreds of adjuvants and adjuvant formulations have been proposed as immunostimulants for vaccines but very few have been used in human vaccines due to toxicity concerns. In this review, relevant aspects about immunotoxicology of adjuvants, based on clinical and experimental studies are discussed. Some effects are only observed under hyperstimulating regimens using non-approved adjuvants for human use, but these are nonetheless useful to understanding basic principles of adjuvant toxicity. The acute local and systemic reactions, during the first hours and those that can be observed after the third day of vaccination in the inoculation site and systemically are discussed.en
dc.description.affiliationSão Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Clinical Analysis, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú-Km 1, Araraquara
dc.description.affiliationUnespSão Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Clinical Analysis, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú-Km 1, Araraquara
dc.format.extent616-624
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.026
dc.identifier.citationBiomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, v. 105, p. 616-624.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.026
dc.identifier.file2-s2.0-85048228060.pdf
dc.identifier.issn1950-6007
dc.identifier.issn0753-3322
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85048228060
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/176419
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofBiomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
dc.relation.ispartofsjr0,951
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso aberto
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectAdjuvants
dc.subjectEfficacy
dc.subjectImmunotoxicity
dc.subjectSafety
dc.subjectVaccine
dc.titleEfficacy and safety of immunological adjuvants. Where is the cut-off?en
dc.typeResenha

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