Acurácia e precisão de calibração na pulverização com drones
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Data
0031-07-23
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os drones são utilizados na agricultura para a realização de diversas atividades e estão cada vez mais inseridos no contexto de aplicação de defensivos. A pulverização com drones ajuda a otimizar recursos, permitindo a pulverização aérea em locais de
difícil acesso, onde pulverizadores terrestres e aeronaves agrícolas convencionais teriam dificuldades, tornando-os uma alternativa interessante à pulverização. Porém, é necessário compreender seu desempenho como máquina de pulverização de
defensivos, bem como analisar seu desempenho para garantir uma aplicação eficiente e precisa. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a acurácia e precisão do processo de calibração da taxa de aplicação de diferentes modelos de drone de pulverização. Foram avaliados os seguintes modelos de drone: DJI MG-1P (carga útil de 10 kg, equipado com bicos hidráulicos), ARPAC (carga útil de 10 kg, equipado com bicos rotativos), DJI T-16 (carga útil de 16 kg, equipado com bicos hidráulicos) e XAG P30 (carga útil de 16 kg, equipado com bicos rotativos). Considerando todos os ensaios, um total de 152 parcelas (repetições) foram pulverizadas. Os dados de calibração dessas parcelas foram divididos em 9 cenários de calibração, considerando o modelo do drone, a taxa de aplicação e o tamanho da área pulverizada. A precisão da calibração foi avaliada medindo a quantidade de
líquido usado para pulverizar a área (pesando a solução de pulverização para reabastecimento). Os resultados mostraram que os erros de calibração para os diferentes modelos de drone ocorreram de forma variável, atingindo valores acima de 15% em alguns cenários específicos de calibração. Os erros absolutos médios de calibração variaram de 1,9 a 15,5%, com valores superiores a 10% em 2 dos 9 cenários e valores inferiores a 5% em apenas 3 dos 9 cenários. O desvio padrão em cada cenário de calibração foi encontrado num intervalo entre 1,7 e 9,5%, com valores inferiores a 5% em 7 dos 9 cenários. A precisão e a acurácia do algoritmo de controle de fluxo do drone e dos sistemas de posicionamento GPS podem ser elementos causadores dos erros observados.
Drones are used in agriculture to carry out various activities and are increasingly being used in the context of pesticide application. Spraying with drones helps to optimize resources, allowing aerial spraying in hard-to-reach places where ground sprayers and conventional agricultural aircraft would have difficulties, making them an interesting alternative to spraying. However, it is necessary to understand its performance as a pesticide spraying machine, as well as to analyze its performance to ensure efficient and accurate application. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the accuracy and precision of the application rate calibration process for different models of spraying drone. The following drone models were evaluated: DJI MG-1P (10 kg payload, equipped with hydraulic nozzles), ARPAC (10 kg payload, equipped with rotating nozzles), DJI T-16 (16 kg payload, equipped with hydraulic nozzles) and XAG P30 (16 kg payload, equipped with rotating nozzles). Considering all the trials, a total of 152 plots (repetitions) were sprayed. The calibration data from these plots was divided into 9 calibration scenarios, taking into account the drone model, the application rate and the size of the area sprayed. The accuracy of the calibration was assessed by measuring the amount of liquid used to spray the area (weighing the spray solution for refilling). The results showed that the calibration errors for the different drone models occurred variably, reaching values above 15% in some specific calibration scenarios. The average absolute calibration errors ranged from 1.9 to 15.5%, with values above 10% in 2 of the 9 scenarios and values below 5% in only 3 of the 9 scenarios. The standard deviation in each calibration scenario was found to be between 1.7 and 9.5%, with values of less than 5% in 7 of the 9 scenarios. The precision and accuracy of the drone's flow control algorithm and GPS positioning systems may be the cause of the errors observed.
Drones are used in agriculture to carry out various activities and are increasingly being used in the context of pesticide application. Spraying with drones helps to optimize resources, allowing aerial spraying in hard-to-reach places where ground sprayers and conventional agricultural aircraft would have difficulties, making them an interesting alternative to spraying. However, it is necessary to understand its performance as a pesticide spraying machine, as well as to analyze its performance to ensure efficient and accurate application. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the accuracy and precision of the application rate calibration process for different models of spraying drone. The following drone models were evaluated: DJI MG-1P (10 kg payload, equipped with hydraulic nozzles), ARPAC (10 kg payload, equipped with rotating nozzles), DJI T-16 (16 kg payload, equipped with hydraulic nozzles) and XAG P30 (16 kg payload, equipped with rotating nozzles). Considering all the trials, a total of 152 plots (repetitions) were sprayed. The calibration data from these plots was divided into 9 calibration scenarios, taking into account the drone model, the application rate and the size of the area sprayed. The accuracy of the calibration was assessed by measuring the amount of liquid used to spray the area (weighing the spray solution for refilling). The results showed that the calibration errors for the different drone models occurred variably, reaching values above 15% in some specific calibration scenarios. The average absolute calibration errors ranged from 1.9 to 15.5%, with values above 10% in 2 of the 9 scenarios and values below 5% in only 3 of the 9 scenarios. The standard deviation in each calibration scenario was found to be between 1.7 and 9.5%, with values of less than 5% in 7 of the 9 scenarios. The precision and accuracy of the drone's flow control algorithm and GPS positioning systems may be the cause of the errors observed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Modelos de drone, Pulverização aérea, Processo de calibração, Taxa de aplicação, Drone models, Aerial spraying, Calibration process, Application rate
Como citar
SALATTA JUNIOR, A. B. Acurácia e precisão de calibração na pulverização com drones. 2023. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2023.