Levantamento soroepidemiológico de Trypanosoma vivax em bovinos no Brasil
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Data
2023-01-05
Autores
Donadon, Angelo Estevão Sant´Anna Donadon
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Trypanosoma vivax é responsável por significativas perdas econômicas na bovinocultura da América do Sul e África. No Brasil, observa-se a disseminação da doença em bovinos nos países, através dos relatos de surtos que encontramos na literatura. Durante o ciclo de vida do parasita, observam-se diferentes fases. Onde ocorrem períodos de alta parasitemia com a presença na circulação sanguínea e baixa parasitemia podendo estar em órgãos, gordura e pele. Os métodos de diagnósticos utilizados são: parasitológico necessitando a presença do parasita circulante, métodos imunológicos realizando a detecção de anticorpos no soro dos animais e métodos moleculares detectando a presença do DNA do parasita. Nos métodos imunológicos o Elisa teste é o mais indicado devido sua sensibilidade e especificidade. Neste estudo, foi utilizado para o Elisa teste a proteína recombinante Tv (Imunodot®). O estudo avaliou amostras de soros bovinos de propriedades com suspeita de infecção de T. vivax, no período de junho de 2020 a julho de 2021. As amostras de soros foram coletadas e enviadas de 14 estados brasileiros, provenientes de 287 municípios, totalizando 5.114 amostras, das quais 2.886 positivas (56,5%) e 2.228 amostras negativas (43,5%). As positivas foram classificadas em positivas fracas, médias e fortes. Dessa forma, foi possível obter um panorama de como o T. vivax vem se disseminando pelos estados e pelos municípios do território nacional desde os primeiros relatos até os dias de hoje.
Trypanosoma vivax is responsible for significant economic losses in cattle in South America and Africa. In Brazil, the spread across the country is observed due to reports of outbreaks found in the literature. Due to the life cycle of the parasite, different phases are observed, where there are phases of high parasitaemia with the presence in the circulation and low parasitaemia that may be in organs, fat and skin. The diagnostic methods used are: parasitological requiring the presence of the circulating parasite, immunological methods performing the detection of antibodies in the serum of the animals and molecular methods detecting the presence of the parasite's DNA. In immunological methods, the Elisa test is the most indicated due to its sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we used the recombinant protein Tv (Imunodot®) for the Elisa test. The study evaluated samples of bovine sera from properties with suspected T. vivax infection, from June 2020 to July 2021. Samples were collected and sent from fourteen Brazilian states, from 287 municipalities, totaling 5.114 samples, from of which 2.228 negative samples (43.5%) and 2.886 positive (56.5%) positive samples were divided into weak positive, medium positive and strong positive. In this way, it was possible to obtain an overview of how T. vivax is spreading through the states and municipalities of the national territory from the first reports to the present day.
Trypanosoma vivax is responsible for significant economic losses in cattle in South America and Africa. In Brazil, the spread across the country is observed due to reports of outbreaks found in the literature. Due to the life cycle of the parasite, different phases are observed, where there are phases of high parasitaemia with the presence in the circulation and low parasitaemia that may be in organs, fat and skin. The diagnostic methods used are: parasitological requiring the presence of the circulating parasite, immunological methods performing the detection of antibodies in the serum of the animals and molecular methods detecting the presence of the parasite's DNA. In immunological methods, the Elisa test is the most indicated due to its sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we used the recombinant protein Tv (Imunodot®) for the Elisa test. The study evaluated samples of bovine sera from properties with suspected T. vivax infection, from June 2020 to July 2021. Samples were collected and sent from fourteen Brazilian states, from 287 municipalities, totaling 5.114 samples, from of which 2.228 negative samples (43.5%) and 2.886 positive (56.5%) positive samples were divided into weak positive, medium positive and strong positive. In this way, it was possible to obtain an overview of how T. vivax is spreading through the states and municipalities of the national territory from the first reports to the present day.
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Palavras-chave
Trypanosoma vivax, Tripanossomíase, Ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática, Sorologia, Proteína recombinante