Monitoramento ambiental para manejo e gestão do risco climático em pisciculturas instaladas em lagos e reservatórios neotropicais
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Data
2023-06-26
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mudança do clima é atualmente um dos principais desafios da humanidade e por sua relação direta com os fatores climáticos, os setores da agropecuária, incluindo a aquicultura, são diretamente afetados. A piscicultura em tanques rede sofre influência direta das variações térmicas e principalmente dos efeitos da temperatura na circulação vertical da água, tornando a atividade vulnerável ao risco climático. Avaliamos o uso do monitoramento da temperatura da água estratificada em alta frequência como ferramenta para definir o conforto térmico (CT), o risco de estresse térmico (RET) e a favorabilidade de cultivo da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em tanques rede no reservatório de Chavantes (SP/PR). Foram monitoradas duas pisciculturas comerciais sendo P1 e P2. A temperatura da água foi mensurada em diferentes profundidades iniciando na superfície e a cada 0,5 metros ao longo da coluna da água até chegarem próximos ao fundo ≈15 metros. Os dados foram registrados a cada 10 minutos (n=15.500) durante dois anos. Os valores de mínimo e máximo de temperatura em P1 foram de 14,6°C e 31,0°C e em P2, de 14,6°C e 32,6°C. A favorabilidade mais alta para o cultivo da tilápia no reservatório de Chavantes parece ser nas estações de verão e outono, média na primavera e baixa no inverno. Apesar de o verão ser mais favorável para o cultivo da tilápia, esta é a época com maior RET aos animais. O uso do monitoramento ambiental em alta frequência foi efetivo e deve ser utilizado para gestão do risco climático, principalmente da estratificação térmica da água em pisciculturas instaladas em lagos e reservatórios, tornando o empreendimento aquícola mais seguro e promovendo práticas para o desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade.
Climate change is currently one of humanity's main challenges and, due to its direct relationship with climate factors, the agricultural sectors, including aquaculture, are directly affected. Fish farming in net tanks is directly influenced by thermal variations and mainly by the effects of temperature on the vertical circulation of water, making the activity vulnerable to climate risk. Fish farming in net cages is directly influenced by thermal variations and mainly by the effects of temperature on the vertical circulation of water, making the activity vulnerable to climate risk. We evaluated the use of high-frequency water temperature monitoring in a neotropical reservoir as a tool to define thermal comfort (CT), risk of thermal stress (RET) and favorability of tilapia cultivation without risk of thermal stress during production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in net cages in the Chavantes reservoir (SP/PR). Two commercial fish farms of O. niloticus, P1 and P2, were monitored. Water temperature was measured at different depths starting at the surface and every 0.5 meters along the water column until they reached the bottom ≈15 meters. These data were recorded every 10 minutes (n=15,500) for two years. The minimum and maximum temperature values in P1 were 14.6°C and 31.0°C and in P2, 14.6°C and 32.6°C. The highest favorability for tilapia cultivation in the Chavantes reservoir appears to be in the summer and autumn seasons, medium in spring and low in winter. Although the summer is more favorable for tilapia cultivation, this is the season with the highest RET for the animals. The use of high-frequency environmental monitoring was effective and should be used to manage climate risk, especially the thermal stratification of water in fish farms installed in lakes and reservoirs, making the aquaculture enterprise safer and promoting practices for the sustainable development of the activity.
Climate change is currently one of humanity's main challenges and, due to its direct relationship with climate factors, the agricultural sectors, including aquaculture, are directly affected. Fish farming in net tanks is directly influenced by thermal variations and mainly by the effects of temperature on the vertical circulation of water, making the activity vulnerable to climate risk. Fish farming in net cages is directly influenced by thermal variations and mainly by the effects of temperature on the vertical circulation of water, making the activity vulnerable to climate risk. We evaluated the use of high-frequency water temperature monitoring in a neotropical reservoir as a tool to define thermal comfort (CT), risk of thermal stress (RET) and favorability of tilapia cultivation without risk of thermal stress during production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in net cages in the Chavantes reservoir (SP/PR). Two commercial fish farms of O. niloticus, P1 and P2, were monitored. Water temperature was measured at different depths starting at the surface and every 0.5 meters along the water column until they reached the bottom ≈15 meters. These data were recorded every 10 minutes (n=15,500) for two years. The minimum and maximum temperature values in P1 were 14.6°C and 31.0°C and in P2, 14.6°C and 32.6°C. The highest favorability for tilapia cultivation in the Chavantes reservoir appears to be in the summer and autumn seasons, medium in spring and low in winter. Although the summer is more favorable for tilapia cultivation, this is the season with the highest RET for the animals. The use of high-frequency environmental monitoring was effective and should be used to manage climate risk, especially the thermal stratification of water in fish farms installed in lakes and reservoirs, making the aquaculture enterprise safer and promoting practices for the sustainable development of the activity.
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Palavras-chave
Piscicultura, Mudança do clima, Risco climático, Gestão ambiental, Monitoramento ambiental