Legislação sanitária e Covid-19: regulamentação de medidas não farmacêuticas em diferentes países
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Data
2023-02-28
Autores
Teixeira, Rafael Monteiro
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O vírus que provocou a atual pandemia da COVID (SARS-CoV-2) se disseminou com extrema velocidade pelo mundo e ficou amplamente conhecida como pandemia da COVID-19. Isso porque, ao final do ano de 2019 a província de Hubei, na cidade chinesa de Wuhan, registrou o primeiro caso da doença em meio a registros de vários casos de pneumonia grave. No dia 31 de dezembro daquele ano a OMS foi notificada acerca inúmeros casos de pneumonia sem origem determinada. Uma semana após o primeiro registro, as autoridades chinesas confirmaram se tratar de um novo tipo de coronavírus que recebeu o nome de SARS-CoV-2. Ainda no mesmo mês (30 de janeiro), a OMS emite alerta de emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional devido a velocidade com a qual se espalhara entre os continentes e, em 11 de março de 2020 a situação é classificada como uma pandemia. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as medidas legislativas adotas na Alemanha, Bélgica, Portugal, Canadá, Argentina e Brasil, que implementaram políticas públicas de saúde para o enfrentamento da pandemia provocada pela COVID-19, mediante a produção legislativa de cada país na implementação de medidas não farmacêuticas, especialmente normas relacionadas com medidas restritivas de direitos, de 01 de janeiro de 2020 até 31 de dezembro de 2021. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de políticas públicas baseadas na implementação de medidas não farmacêuticas para o controle da disseminação do vírus da COVID-19. O que se verificou no enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 foi a ausência de medidas globais organizadas e padronizadas visando minimizar os efeitos da transmissão do vírus. A inegável importância da adoção de medidas não farmacêuticas, historicamente utilizadas no enfrentamento de pandemias anteriores, foi confirmada com a pandemia da COVID-19, pois a determinação do fechamento de escolas, a proibição de eventos com aglomeração de pessoas, o isolamento de pessoas contaminadas foi fundamental para o controle da disseminação do vírus enquanto vacinas e medicamentos não estavam ao alcance da população em geral. Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Legislação; Medidas não farmacêuticas.
The virus that caused the current COVID pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) spread with extreme speed around the world and became widely known as the COVID-19 pandemic. That's because, at the end of 2019, Hubei province, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, registered the first case of the disease amid records of several cases of severe pneumonia. On December 31 of that year, the WHO was notified of numerous cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. A week after the first recorded case, Chinese authorities confirmed that it was a new type of coronavírus that was named SARS-CoV-2. In the same month (30 of January), the WHO issued a public health emergency alert of international importance due to the speed with which it had spread between continents and, on March 11 of 2020, the situation was classified as a pandemic. The objective of this study was to describe the legislative measures adopted in Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Canada, Argentina and Brazil, which implemented public health policies to encounter the pandemic caused by COVID-19, through the legislative production of each country in the implementation of non-pharmaceutical measures, especially rules related to restrictive measures of rights, from January 1 of 2020 to December 31 of 2021. It was a descriptive study of public policies based on the implementation of non-pharmaceutical measures to control the spread of the virus of COVID-19. What happened against the COVID-19 pandemic was the absence of organized and standardized global measures to minimize the effects of virus transmission. The undeniable importance of adopting non-pharmacological measures, historically used in the fight against previous pandemics, was confirmed with the COVID-19 pandemic, as the determination of the closing of schools, the prohibition of events with agglomerations of people, the isolation of contaminated people was fundamental for controlling the spread of the virus while vaccines and medicines were not available to the general population.
The virus that caused the current COVID pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) spread with extreme speed around the world and became widely known as the COVID-19 pandemic. That's because, at the end of 2019, Hubei province, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, registered the first case of the disease amid records of several cases of severe pneumonia. On December 31 of that year, the WHO was notified of numerous cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. A week after the first recorded case, Chinese authorities confirmed that it was a new type of coronavírus that was named SARS-CoV-2. In the same month (30 of January), the WHO issued a public health emergency alert of international importance due to the speed with which it had spread between continents and, on March 11 of 2020, the situation was classified as a pandemic. The objective of this study was to describe the legislative measures adopted in Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Canada, Argentina and Brazil, which implemented public health policies to encounter the pandemic caused by COVID-19, through the legislative production of each country in the implementation of non-pharmaceutical measures, especially rules related to restrictive measures of rights, from January 1 of 2020 to December 31 of 2021. It was a descriptive study of public policies based on the implementation of non-pharmaceutical measures to control the spread of the virus of COVID-19. What happened against the COVID-19 pandemic was the absence of organized and standardized global measures to minimize the effects of virus transmission. The undeniable importance of adopting non-pharmacological measures, historically used in the fight against previous pandemics, was confirmed with the COVID-19 pandemic, as the determination of the closing of schools, the prohibition of events with agglomerations of people, the isolation of contaminated people was fundamental for controlling the spread of the virus while vaccines and medicines were not available to the general population.
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Palavras-chave
Covid-19 (Doença), Saúde pública - Legislação, Medidas não farmacêuticas, Política de saúde, Políticas públicas, Pandemias