A dimensão educativa do trabalho na Atenção Básica à Saúde: contribuição da psicologia no município de Franca/SP
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Data
2023-08-04
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender como se dá a efetivação do trabalho do psicólogo na Atenção Básica à Saúde, especificamente nas UBS do município de Franca/SP, a partir da perspectiva da Dimensão Educativa. Para tanto, fez-se uma análise da consolidação das políticas públicas de saúde como forma de resposta do Estado a questões trazidas por movimentos sociais num processo de redemocratização do país. Contexto esse que se dá na sociedade capitalista, na qual sua forma de produção e reprodução interfere no processo de saúde/doença, como preconizado pelo SUS, ao afirmar que a “saúde tem como fatores determinantes e condicionantes, entre outros, a alimentação, a moradia, o saneamento básico, o meio ambiente, o trabalho, a renda, a educação, o transporte, o lazer e o acesso aos bens e serviços essenciais”. A partir daí, foi abordada a dimensão educativa como forma de intervenção do trabalho, visto que na literatura encontra-se, entre as atividades exercidas pelo psicólogo, a psicoeducação como uma estratégia de promoção de saúde. Por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a participação de cinco profissionais, foram realizadas apreensões de dados e análise dos mesmos. Os resultados apontam que são diversas as ações de intervenção utilizadas pelos profissionais, tendo em vista a complexidade dos casos que chegam para atendimento, sendo que as intervenções grupais são utilizadas com bastante freqüência, sejam na modalidade de psicoterapia grupal, sejam em rodas de conversas ou palestras. Nesse sentido, os profissionais elucidam a dimensão educativa como inerente à prática profissional, pois consideram que as intervenções psicoterapêuticas são psicoeducativas, pois há uma troca de informações e experiências que contribuem para a aprendizagem de novos hábitos e comportamentos que contribuem para a promoção de saúde. Contudo, é reforçada a importância da presença do profissional de Psicologia na Atenção Básica em Saúde como espaço estratégico para acesso e cuidado da demanda.
The present research aimed to understand how the work of the psychologist in Primary Health Care, specifically in the health facilities of Franca, São Paulo, is carried out from the perspective of the Educational Dimension. To do so, it was made an analysis of the consolidation of public health policies as a State’s response to issues brought by social movements in the process of redemocratization of the country. This context takes place in the capitalist society, in which its form of production and reproduction interferes in the healthdisease process, as advocated by SUS (Brazilian National Health Service), when it states that "health has determining and conditioning factors, such as food, housing, basic sanitation, environment, work, income, education, transportation, leisure, and access to essential goods and services". From then on, the educational dimension was approached as a form of work intervention, since we find in the literature, among the activities performed by the psychologist, the psychoeducation as a health promotion strategy. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with five professionals, the data were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the professional use several intervention actions, taking into account the complexity of the cases that seek treatment, in which the group interventions are used quite frequently, whether it be group psychotherapy, conversation circles or lectures. In doing so, the professionals clarify that the educational dimension is inherent to the professional practice, because they consider that the psychotherapeutic interventions are psychoeducational, since there is an exchange of information and experiences that contributes to the learning of new habits and behaviors that improve health promotion. However, the importance of the presence of the professional psychologist in the Primary Health Care is reinforced as a strategic space to access health services and to deal with the laments.
The present research aimed to understand how the work of the psychologist in Primary Health Care, specifically in the health facilities of Franca, São Paulo, is carried out from the perspective of the Educational Dimension. To do so, it was made an analysis of the consolidation of public health policies as a State’s response to issues brought by social movements in the process of redemocratization of the country. This context takes place in the capitalist society, in which its form of production and reproduction interferes in the healthdisease process, as advocated by SUS (Brazilian National Health Service), when it states that "health has determining and conditioning factors, such as food, housing, basic sanitation, environment, work, income, education, transportation, leisure, and access to essential goods and services". From then on, the educational dimension was approached as a form of work intervention, since we find in the literature, among the activities performed by the psychologist, the psychoeducation as a health promotion strategy. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with five professionals, the data were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the professional use several intervention actions, taking into account the complexity of the cases that seek treatment, in which the group interventions are used quite frequently, whether it be group psychotherapy, conversation circles or lectures. In doing so, the professionals clarify that the educational dimension is inherent to the professional practice, because they consider that the psychotherapeutic interventions are psychoeducational, since there is an exchange of information and experiences that contributes to the learning of new habits and behaviors that improve health promotion. However, the importance of the presence of the professional psychologist in the Primary Health Care is reinforced as a strategic space to access health services and to deal with the laments.
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Palavras-chave
Dimensão Educativa, Atenção Básica à Saúde, Atuação da Psicologia, Educational Dimension, Primary Health Care, Role of Psychology