Requisitos legais para a esterilização cirúrgica segundo a lei de planejamento familiar e os debates jurídicos da atualidade
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Data
2022-11-25
Autores
Marcico, Bianca
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A esterilização cirúrgica é um método contraceptivo regulamentado pela Lei de Planejamento Familiar (Lei n. 9.263/1996) e, dos vários métodos contraceptivos que existem, é o único que tem regulação legal. Por ser um método de contracepção é um importante instrumento de fruição dos direitos reprodutivos, os quais podem ser definidos como o direito humano à autodeterminação sobre as próprias capacidades reprodutivas, o que inclui decisões sobre quando, como e se tais potencialidades serão exercidas. Desta forma, é importante uma análise sobre os requisitos impostos pela lei para o acesso à esterilização cirúrgica, a fim de verificar se tais critérios são adequados à proteção dos direitos reprodutivos. Para responder este questionamento foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos: conceituar os direitos reprodutivos e defini-los como um direito humano com a elaboração de um compilado sobre as suas respectivas legislações; realizar uma análise da Lei de Planejamento Familiar, a qual se desdobra na pesquisa histórica sobre a sua elaboração e promulgação e no detalhamento de suas prescrições; propor uma reflexão acerca dos requisitos impostos àqueles que desejam realizar a esterilização cirúrgica e levantar quais principais controvérsias jurídicas sobre a temática, o que inclui o trâmite legislativo da recentemente aprovada Lei n. 14.443/2022 (BRASIL, 2022), que modificou aqueles requisitos. Elegeu-se como base teórica o princípio da dignidade humana como a premissa axiológica de elaboração e interpretação das leis e a consideração da unidade familiar como o meio de autorrealização do indivíduo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica que utiliza a legislação e a documentação histórica como fontes primárias e a doutrina, artigos científicos e jurisprudência como fontes secundárias, materiais trabalhados por meio do método dedutivo-bibliográfico. Como resultado do trabalho foi possível concluir que os requisitos contidos na Lei n. 9.263/96 necessitavam de algumas modificações, as quais em parte foram trazidas pela Lei n. 14.443/2022 (BRASIL, 2022), no entanto ainda existe campo de estudo a ser explorado, em especial face às novas prescrições legais, cujos reflexos na vida prática ainda serão observados.
Surgical sterilization is a contraceptive method regulated by the Family Planning Law (Law No. 9,263/1996) and, of the various contraceptive methods that exist, it is the only one that has legal regulation. As a method of contraception, it is an important instrument for the enjoyment of reproductive rights, which can be defined as the human right to self-determination over one's own reproductive capacities, which includes decisions on when, how and if such potentialities will be exercised. Thus, it is important to analyze the requirements imposed by law for access to surgical sterilization, in order to verify whether such criteria are adequate for the protection of reproductive rights. To answer this question, the following objectives were established: conceptualize reproductive rights and define them as a human right with the elaboration of a compilation of their respective legislations; to carry out an analysis of the Family Planning Law, which unfolds in historical research on its elaboration and enactment and in the detailing of its prescriptions; to propose a reflection on the requirements imposed on those who wish to perform surgical sterilization and to raise the main legal controversies on the subject, which includes the legislative process of the recently approved Law n. 14.443/2022, which modified those requirements. The principle of human dignity was chosen as the theoretical basis as the axiological premise for the elaboration and interpretation of laws and the consideration of the family unit as the means of self-fulfillment of the individual. It is a theoretical research that uses legislation and historical documentation as primary sources and doctrine, scientific articles and jurisprudence as secondary sources, materials worked through the deductive-bibliographic method. As a result of the work, it was possible to conclude that the requirements contained in Law n. 9,263/96 required some modifications, which were partly brought about by Law n. 14.443/2022, however, there is still a field of study to be explored, especially in view of the new legal requirements, whose reflexes in practical life will still be observed.
Surgical sterilization is a contraceptive method regulated by the Family Planning Law (Law No. 9,263/1996) and, of the various contraceptive methods that exist, it is the only one that has legal regulation. As a method of contraception, it is an important instrument for the enjoyment of reproductive rights, which can be defined as the human right to self-determination over one's own reproductive capacities, which includes decisions on when, how and if such potentialities will be exercised. Thus, it is important to analyze the requirements imposed by law for access to surgical sterilization, in order to verify whether such criteria are adequate for the protection of reproductive rights. To answer this question, the following objectives were established: conceptualize reproductive rights and define them as a human right with the elaboration of a compilation of their respective legislations; to carry out an analysis of the Family Planning Law, which unfolds in historical research on its elaboration and enactment and in the detailing of its prescriptions; to propose a reflection on the requirements imposed on those who wish to perform surgical sterilization and to raise the main legal controversies on the subject, which includes the legislative process of the recently approved Law n. 14.443/2022, which modified those requirements. The principle of human dignity was chosen as the theoretical basis as the axiological premise for the elaboration and interpretation of laws and the consideration of the family unit as the means of self-fulfillment of the individual. It is a theoretical research that uses legislation and historical documentation as primary sources and doctrine, scientific articles and jurisprudence as secondary sources, materials worked through the deductive-bibliographic method. As a result of the work, it was possible to conclude that the requirements contained in Law n. 9,263/96 required some modifications, which were partly brought about by Law n. 14.443/2022, however, there is still a field of study to be explored, especially in view of the new legal requirements, whose reflexes in practical life will still be observed.
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Direitos Reprodutivos., Direitos Sexuais, Esterilização Cirúrgica, Planejamento Familiar, Lei n. 9.263/1996, Lei n. 14.443/2022