Desenvolvimento de um Índice de Sustentabilidade (ISE) aplicado à Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba
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2023-08-22
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A gestão pública tem-se tornado uma questão de relevante importância para o planejamento e gerenciamento de diferentes entes da Federação. Em se tratando de regiões metropolitanas, dada a sua complexidade organizacional e diversidade social, econômica e ambiental, pode-se observar enormes dificuldades para se identificar a efetiva situação e as desigualdades dentre os municípios que a compõe e, por assim ser, os desafios crescentes em se elaborar políticas públicas efetivas orientadas por parâmetros técnicos e científicos visando a sustentabilidade. Por isso, tornou-se de relevante importância a utilização de indicadores e índices como suporte à formulação e implementação de políticas públicas como forma de medir e avaliar determinadas tendências, contextos e realidades, buscando-se reduzir o grau de subjetividade e incerteza associado ao processo decisório, ampliando a probabilidade de acerto na escolha das alternativas. Sendo assim, como objetivo, foi desenvolvido de um Índice Sustentabilidade (ISE) aplicado à Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba (RMS), a partir de indicadores que mensurem a situação e a desigualdade entre seus municípios utilizando como fonte de informação um conjunto de dados secundários de seus municípios. O ISE calculado para os anos de 2013 a 2019 foi composto por um conjunto de 12 indicadores ambientais e socioeconômicos, sendo eles: disponibilidade hídrica, cobertura vegetal, emissão de gases efeito estufa, perdas de água, coleta e tratamento de esgoto, coleta seletiva, bolsa família, IDEB anos iniciais, IDEB anos finais, índice de Saúde, PIB per capita e índice de ocupação da população. O ISE calculado para 2019 estava em 0,517, numa faixa de alerta. Neste mesmo ano o subíndice ambiental alcançou 0,355, numa faixa considerada crítica e o subíndice socioeconômico alcançou 0,679 numa faixa boa. O índice de Theil “L” evidenciou uma elevada entropia nos indicadores ambientais, mas não quanto aos indicadores socioeconômicos. A análise multivariada de cluster pelo método k-médias evidenciou que os índices de disponibilidade hídrica per capita, cobertura vegetal e percentual de famílias beneficiadas pelo Programa Bolsa Família contribuíram significativamente para a formação dos conglomerados.
Public management has become an issue of great importance for the planning and management of different entities of the Federation. In the case of metropolitan regions, given their organizational complexity and social, economic, and environmental diversity, one can observe enormous difficulties in identifying the effective situation and inequalities among the municipalities that comprise it and, therefore, the growing challenges in elaborating effective public policies guided by technical and scientific parameters aiming at sustainability. Therefore, the use of indicators and indices as a support for the formulation and implementation of public policies as a way of measuring and evaluating certain trends, contexts, and realities, seeking to reduce the degree of subjectivity and uncertainty associated with the process, has become extremely important. decision-making, increasing the probability of success in the choice of alternatives. Hence, as an objective, a Sustainability Index (ISE) was developed applied Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba (RMS), based on indicators that measure the situation and inequality between its municipalities, using as a source of information a set of secondary data from their municipalities. The ISE calculated for the years 2013 to 2019 was composed of a set of 12 environmental and socioeconomic indicators, namely: water availability, vegetation cover, greenhouse gas emissions, water loss, sewage collection and treatment, selective collection, family scholarship program, Development Index of Basic Education early years (IDEB 1), Development Index of Basic Education final years (IDEB 2), Health index, GDP per capita and the occupation index of the population. The ISE calculated for 2019 was at 0.517, in an alert range. In that same year, the environmental subindex reached 0.355, in a range considered critical, and the socioeconomic subindex reached 0.679, in a good range. The Theil “L” index showed a high entropy in the environmental indicators, but not in relation to the socioeconomic indicators. The multivariate cluster analysis using the k-means method showed that per capita water availability indices, vegetation cover and percentage of families benefiting from the family scholarship program contributed significantly to the formation of clusters.
Public management has become an issue of great importance for the planning and management of different entities of the Federation. In the case of metropolitan regions, given their organizational complexity and social, economic, and environmental diversity, one can observe enormous difficulties in identifying the effective situation and inequalities among the municipalities that comprise it and, therefore, the growing challenges in elaborating effective public policies guided by technical and scientific parameters aiming at sustainability. Therefore, the use of indicators and indices as a support for the formulation and implementation of public policies as a way of measuring and evaluating certain trends, contexts, and realities, seeking to reduce the degree of subjectivity and uncertainty associated with the process, has become extremely important. decision-making, increasing the probability of success in the choice of alternatives. Hence, as an objective, a Sustainability Index (ISE) was developed applied Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba (RMS), based on indicators that measure the situation and inequality between its municipalities, using as a source of information a set of secondary data from their municipalities. The ISE calculated for the years 2013 to 2019 was composed of a set of 12 environmental and socioeconomic indicators, namely: water availability, vegetation cover, greenhouse gas emissions, water loss, sewage collection and treatment, selective collection, family scholarship program, Development Index of Basic Education early years (IDEB 1), Development Index of Basic Education final years (IDEB 2), Health index, GDP per capita and the occupation index of the population. The ISE calculated for 2019 was at 0.517, in an alert range. In that same year, the environmental subindex reached 0.355, in a range considered critical, and the socioeconomic subindex reached 0.679, in a good range. The Theil “L” index showed a high entropy in the environmental indicators, but not in relation to the socioeconomic indicators. The multivariate cluster analysis using the k-means method showed that per capita water availability indices, vegetation cover and percentage of families benefiting from the family scholarship program contributed significantly to the formation of clusters.
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Sustentabilidade, Índice Socioeconômico, Índice Ambiental, Índice de Entropia, Análise Multivariada de Cluster, Sustainability, Socioeconomic Index, Environmental Index, Entropy Index, Multivariate Cluster Analysis
Como citar
LIMA, F. A. Desenvolvimento de um Índice de Sustentabilidade (ISE) aplicado à Região Metropolitana de Sorocaba. 2023. 155 p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais) – Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sorocaba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sorocaba, 2023.