Cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associadas a Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae) e seus respectivos inimigos naturais na região da Alta Mogiana, São Paulo
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Data
2021-05-07
Autores
Paulo, Hagabo Honorato de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar as espécies de cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) e seus inimigos naturais associados a Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae) nos sistemas de manejo convencional, orgânico e agroflorestal, na região da Alta Mogiana, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As coletas ocorreram em 15 municípios da região, entre junho de 2018 a outubro de 2020. Foram obtidas 935 amostras de cochonilhas, incluídas em 18 morfoespécies, destas, 16 identificadas em nível específico: Alecanochiton marquesi (Hempel, 1921), Coccus alpinus (De Lotto, 1960), Coccus brasiliensis (Fonseca, 1957), Coccus celatus (De Lotto, 19600, Coccus viridis (Green, 1889), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell, 1893), Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852), (Coccidae); Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green, 1896) (Diaspididae); Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell,1893), Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley 1900), Phenacoccus crassus (Granara de Willink, 1983), Phenacoccus solani (Ferris, 1918), Planococcus citri (Risso 1813), Pseudococcus cryptus (Hempel 1918), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867) (Pseudococcidae). Trata-se da primeira identificação de P. citri em C. arabica por meio da análise molecular no Brasil. Phenacoccus crassus (Granara de Willink, 1983) é registrada pela primeira vez em associação a família Rubiaceae e P. trilobitiformis, C. alpinus, C. celatus e P. longispinus associadas com café arábica no estado de São Paulo. Foram obtidas 33 espécies de inimigos naturais, associadas a 13 espécies de cochonilhas. Vinte e duas espécies de parasitoides incluídos nos gêneros: Coccophagus (Aphelinidae); Aprostocetus e Chrysonotomyia (Eulophidae); Aenasius, Anagyrus, Encyrtus, Gahaniella, Leptomastix; Leptomastidea, Metaphycus e Prochiloneurus (Encyrtidae), e Pachyneuron (Pteromalidae). Registra-se pela primeira vez Coccophagus com A. marquesi e C. brasiliensis; C. alpinus, C. brasiliensis, P. psidii e P. nigra com Aprostocetus; Metaphycus e Prochiloneurus com C. brasiliensis; Aenasius advena com P. solani; e, P. trilobitiformis com Chrysonotomyia. Onze espécies de predadores nos gêneros: Azya, Eriopis e Diomus (Coccinelidae); Diadiplosis (Cecidomyiidae); Geocoris (Geocoridae); Eosalpingogaster (Syrphidae); Euborellia (Anisolabididae); Franklinothrips (Aelothripidae), e Chysoperla (Chrysopidae). Eriopis connexa e Euborellia annulipes associam-se pela primeira vez a D. texensis; e, Azya luteipes, Crysoperla externa, Eosalpingogaster nigriventris, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diomus, Franklinothrips vespiformis e Geocoris com C. brasiliensis; E. annulipes com P. citri; D. coccidivora com P. psidii e S. coffeae. O registro das espécies de cochonilhas e seus inimigos naturais contribui para o planejamento do manejo integrado de pragas. Um Boletim Técnico, incluindo as espécies de cochonilhas obtidas neste estudo, os estádios fenológicos e as estruturas das plantas as quais podem ser encontradas, bem como uma chave de identificação com base nos caracteres macroscópicos para os gêneros é apresentado.
The objective of this work was to inventory the species of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and their natural enemies, associated with Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae), in conventional, organic and agroforestry management systems, in the Alta Mogiana region, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The collections occurred in 15 municipalities of the region, from July 2018 to October 2020. A total of 935 samples of mealybugs were obtained, included in 18 morphospecies, of these, 16 identified at specific level: Alecanochiton marquesi Hempel, 1921, Coccus alpinus De Lotto, 1960, Coccus brasiliensis Fonseca, 1957, Coccus celatus De Lotto, 1960, Coccus viridis (Green, 1889), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893, Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852), (Coccidae); Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green, 1896) (Diaspididae); Dysmicococcus brevipes (Cockerell,1893), Dysmicococcus texensis (Tinsley 1900), Phenacoccus crassus Granara de Willink, 1983, Phenacoccus solani Ferris, 1918, Planococcus citri (Risso 1813), Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel 1918, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867) (Pseudococcidae). This is the first identification of P. citri on C. arabica by molecular analysis in Brazil. Phenacoccus crassus Granara de Willink, 1983 is recorded for the first time in association with the Rubiaceae family; and, P. trilobitiformis, C. alpinus, C. celatus and P. longispinus associated with arabica coffee in the state of São Paulo. Thirty-three species of natural enemies were obtained, associated with 13 species of Scale insects. Twenty-two species of parasitoids included in the genera: Coccophagus (Aphelinidae); Aprostocetus and Chrysonotomyia (Eulophidae); Aenasius, Anagyrus, Encyrtus, Leptomastix; Leptomastidea, Metaphycus and Prochiloneurus (Encyrtidae), and Pachyneuron (Pteromalidae). We recorded for the first time Coccophagus with A. marquesi and C. brasiliensis; C. alpinus, C. brasiliensis, P. psidii and P. nigra with Aprostocetus; Metaphycus and Prochiloneurus with C. brasiliensis; Aenasius advena with P. solani; and, P. trilobitiformis with Chrysonotomyia. Eleven species of predators in the genera: Azya, Eriopis and Diomus (Coccinelidae); Diadiplosis (Cecidomyiidae); Geocoris (Geocoridae); Eosalpingogaster (Syrphidae); Euborellia (Anisolabididae); Franklinothrips (Aelothripidae), and Chysoperla (Chrysopidae). Eriopis connexa and Euborellia annulipes associate for the first time with D. texensis; and, Azya luteipes, Crysoperla externa, Eosalpingogaster nigriventris, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diomus, Franklinothrips vespiformis and Geocoris with C. brasiliensis; E. annulipes with P. citri; D. coccidivora with P. psidii and S. coffeae. The record of the scales and their natural enemies, contributes to the planning of integrated pest management. A Technical Bulletin, including the mealybug species obtained in this study, the phenological stages and plant structures where they can be found, and an identification key based on macroscopic characters for the genera is presented.
The objective of this work was to inventory the species of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), and their natural enemies, associated with Coffea arabica L. (Rubiaceae), in conventional, organic and agroforestry management systems, in the Alta Mogiana region, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The collections occurred in 15 municipalities of the region, from July 2018 to October 2020. A total of 935 samples of mealybugs were obtained, included in 18 morphospecies, of these, 16 identified at specific level: Alecanochiton marquesi Hempel, 1921, Coccus alpinus De Lotto, 1960, Coccus brasiliensis Fonseca, 1957, Coccus celatus De Lotto, 1960, Coccus viridis (Green, 1889), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893, Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852), (Coccidae); Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green, 1896) (Diaspididae); Dysmicococcus brevipes (Cockerell,1893), Dysmicococcus texensis (Tinsley 1900), Phenacoccus crassus Granara de Willink, 1983, Phenacoccus solani Ferris, 1918, Planococcus citri (Risso 1813), Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel 1918, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867) (Pseudococcidae). This is the first identification of P. citri on C. arabica by molecular analysis in Brazil. Phenacoccus crassus Granara de Willink, 1983 is recorded for the first time in association with the Rubiaceae family; and, P. trilobitiformis, C. alpinus, C. celatus and P. longispinus associated with arabica coffee in the state of São Paulo. Thirty-three species of natural enemies were obtained, associated with 13 species of Scale insects. Twenty-two species of parasitoids included in the genera: Coccophagus (Aphelinidae); Aprostocetus and Chrysonotomyia (Eulophidae); Aenasius, Anagyrus, Encyrtus, Leptomastix; Leptomastidea, Metaphycus and Prochiloneurus (Encyrtidae), and Pachyneuron (Pteromalidae). We recorded for the first time Coccophagus with A. marquesi and C. brasiliensis; C. alpinus, C. brasiliensis, P. psidii and P. nigra with Aprostocetus; Metaphycus and Prochiloneurus with C. brasiliensis; Aenasius advena with P. solani; and, P. trilobitiformis with Chrysonotomyia. Eleven species of predators in the genera: Azya, Eriopis and Diomus (Coccinelidae); Diadiplosis (Cecidomyiidae); Geocoris (Geocoridae); Eosalpingogaster (Syrphidae); Euborellia (Anisolabididae); Franklinothrips (Aelothripidae), and Chysoperla (Chrysopidae). Eriopis connexa and Euborellia annulipes associate for the first time with D. texensis; and, Azya luteipes, Crysoperla externa, Eosalpingogaster nigriventris, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diomus, Franklinothrips vespiformis and Geocoris with C. brasiliensis; E. annulipes with P. citri; D. coccidivora with P. psidii and S. coffeae. The record of the scales and their natural enemies, contributes to the planning of integrated pest management. A Technical Bulletin, including the mealybug species obtained in this study, the phenological stages and plant structures where they can be found, and an identification key based on macroscopic characters for the genera is presented.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
café arábica, espécies crípticas, controle biológico, parasitoides, predadores, Coffea arabica, Cryptic species, Biological control, Parasitoids, Predators