Calagem como meio para viabilizar a redução da adubação no sistema soja-sorgo
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0001-03-24
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil enfrenta grandes problemas relacionados com acidez e a baixa fertilidade dos solos cultivados, reduzindo seu potencial produtivo, fazendo com que o país seja altamente dependente de adubos químicos, como o PK, elevando os custos de produção, principalmente em épocas de variação econômica. Para amenizar essa dependência dos insumos, práticas de manejo do solo como aplicação de corretivos agrícolas (calcário), têm sido benéficas para contornar a crise dos fertilizantes e correção da acidez. Contudo, ainda há poucas informações na literatura relacionadas à viabilidade produtiva da redução na adubação nos sistemas de produção, especialmente mediante a crise dos fertilizantes que o setor agrícola vem enfrentando nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência agronômica do sistema de produção com soja e sorgo sob o efeito da supressão da adubação fosfatada e potássica em Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico com e sem calagem. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado (UNESP/FCA - Botucatu-SP), na safra 2022/23. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), com esquema fatorial 3x2, e 4 repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas. Sendo o primeiro fator a adubação com P e K na cultura da soja, compreendo a ausência de adubação (0), metade da dose recomendada (50%) e dose recomendada (100%) e o segundo fator foi a correção da acidez (com e sem calagem). A soja foi cultivada na safra verão 2022/2023 e o sorgo no outono-inverno no ano de 2023, sem adubação. Analisou-se diagnose foliar, desenvolvimento radicular, análises fitotécnicas e componentes de produção, análise de massa seca para silagem, avaliação de produtividade e teor de proteína bruta, análise de custo de produção e eficiência econômica. Os teores de macronutrientes foliares (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) foram maiores na área com calagem em relação à área sem calagem para ambas as culturas; a massa seca de raiz, a densidade do comprimento radicular e o volume radicular aumentaram nas maiores doses de adubação na área com calagem; os componentes de produção foram superiores nas doses de 50% e 100% na área com calagem; a produtividade, teor de proteína bruta e produtividade de proteína brutas dos grãos foram influenciadas pelo maior teor de nutrientes e desenvolvimento radicular, apresentando melhores resultados nos tratamentos de 100% na área com calagem; a produção de massa seca para silagem das plantas de sorgo foi igual nas doses de 50% e 100% na área com calagem; os custos de produção do sistema com soja e sorgo foi maior quando se usou 100% da dose de PK nas áreas com e sem calagem. A produtividade do sistema foi favorecida nos tratamentos com calagem, aumentando conforme a adubação, entretanto o tratamento que mostrou melhor eficiência econômica foi o de 50% da adubação recomendada na área com calagem.
Brazil faces major problems related to acidity and low fertility of cultivated soils, reducing its productive potential, making the country highly dependent on chemical fertilizers, such as PK, increasing production costs, especially in times of economic variation. To alleviate this dependence on inputs, soil management practices such as the application of agricultural correctives (limestone) have been beneficial in overcoming the fertilizer crisis and correcting acidity. However, there is still little information in the literature related to the productive viability of reducing fertilization in production systems, especially given the fertilizer crisis that the agricultural sector has been facing in recent years. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the production system with soybeans and sorghum under the effect of suppression of phosphate and potassium fertilization in a Distroferric Red Latosol with and without liming. The experiment was conducted at the Lageado Experimental Farm (UNESP/FCA - Botucatu-SP), in the 2022/23 harvest. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC), with a 3x2 factorial scheme, and 4 replications, totaling 24 plots. The first factor being fertilization with P and K in soybean crops, I understand the absence of fertilization (0), half of the recommended dose (50%) and recommended dose (100%) and the second factor was the correction of acidity (with and without liming). Soybeans were grown in the summer 2022/2023 harvest and sorghum in autumn-winter in 2023, without fertilization. Leaf diagnosis, root development, phytotechnical analysis and production components, dry mass analysis for silage, productivity assessment and crude protein content, production cost analysis and economic efficiency were analyzed. The macronutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were higher in the area with liming when compared to the area without liming for both crops, root development for root dry mass, root length density and root volume presented the better results with higher doses of fertilizer in the liming area; the production components were higher at doses of 50% and 100% in the liming area; the productivity, crude protein content and crude protein productivity of the grains were influenced by the higher nutrient content and root development, showing better results in the 100% treatments in the liming area, the production of dry mass for silage of the sorghum plants was equal in doses of 50% and 100% in the liming area; the production costs of the system with soybeans and sorghum presented higher values in the treatments with a dose of 100% fertilizer in the areas with and without liming, the productivity of the system was favored in the treatments in the area with liming, increasing according to the fertilization, however the treatment which showed the best economic efficiency was 50% of the recommended fertilization in the liming area.
Brazil faces major problems related to acidity and low fertility of cultivated soils, reducing its productive potential, making the country highly dependent on chemical fertilizers, such as PK, increasing production costs, especially in times of economic variation. To alleviate this dependence on inputs, soil management practices such as the application of agricultural correctives (limestone) have been beneficial in overcoming the fertilizer crisis and correcting acidity. However, there is still little information in the literature related to the productive viability of reducing fertilization in production systems, especially given the fertilizer crisis that the agricultural sector has been facing in recent years. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the production system with soybeans and sorghum under the effect of suppression of phosphate and potassium fertilization in a Distroferric Red Latosol with and without liming. The experiment was conducted at the Lageado Experimental Farm (UNESP/FCA - Botucatu-SP), in the 2022/23 harvest. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC), with a 3x2 factorial scheme, and 4 replications, totaling 24 plots. The first factor being fertilization with P and K in soybean crops, I understand the absence of fertilization (0), half of the recommended dose (50%) and recommended dose (100%) and the second factor was the correction of acidity (with and without liming). Soybeans were grown in the summer 2022/2023 harvest and sorghum in autumn-winter in 2023, without fertilization. Leaf diagnosis, root development, phytotechnical analysis and production components, dry mass analysis for silage, productivity assessment and crude protein content, production cost analysis and economic efficiency were analyzed. The macronutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were higher in the area with liming when compared to the area without liming for both crops, root development for root dry mass, root length density and root volume presented the better results with higher doses of fertilizer in the liming area; the production components were higher at doses of 50% and 100% in the liming area; the productivity, crude protein content and crude protein productivity of the grains were influenced by the higher nutrient content and root development, showing better results in the 100% treatments in the liming area, the production of dry mass for silage of the sorghum plants was equal in doses of 50% and 100% in the liming area; the production costs of the system with soybeans and sorghum presented higher values in the treatments with a dose of 100% fertilizer in the areas with and without liming, the productivity of the system was favored in the treatments in the area with liming, increasing according to the fertilization, however the treatment which showed the best economic efficiency was 50% of the recommended fertilization in the liming area.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Glycine max (L.) Merril, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Calcário, pH, Eficiência econômica
Como citar
SILVA, A. O. Calagem como meio para viabilizar a redução da adubação no sistema soja-sorgo. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura) - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2024.