Para uma prospecção acerca dos conflitos fundiários urbanos: o Grupo de Apoio às Ordens de Reintegração de Posse - GAORP e a experiência no poder judiciário paulista
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Data
2021-05-28
Autores
Castro, Júlia Pupin de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo de urbanização brasileiro, aliado ao mau funcionamento das políticas públicas habitacionais em um contexto privatista de propriedade, conduz grupos vulneráveis e/ou hipossuficientes à segregação socioespacial, que é reforçada pela realização de obras, empreendimentos, ações administrativas ou judiciais que poderão resultar na remoção forçada da população da área objeto do conflito. O presente trabalho se insere em um campo de estudos que busca investigar os aspectos material e processual das garantias de direitos. O aspecto material se consubstancia na análise da concretização judicial de direitos, especialmente do direito à moradia, e o processual, nas estratégias processuais de garantias de direitos. O objetivo geral do trabalho é analisar as potencialidades e os limites do Grupo de Apoio às Ordens Judiciais de Reintegração de Posse (GAORP), no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, a fim de identificar os resultados da sua atuação, especialmente na minimização das violações de direitos. Como objetivo específico, tem-se a identificação dos processos em que o GAORP atuou e a análise qualitativa dessa atuação. Metodologicamente, propõe-se a realização de uma pesquisa sociojurídica empírica, de cunho quali-quantitativo, tendo como métodos a revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental, com a coleta de dados fornecidos por documentos oficiais, por meio da busca no sítio do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, e-saj. Espera-se, assim, ampliar o diálogo de uma dogmática jurídica consciente de sua função político-social na violação e concretização de direitos. A análise dos casos em que houve a atuação do grupo revela que o tratamento jurisdicional sui generis explicitado na norma processual civil relativa aos litígios coletivos pela posse, com a realização de mediação e a participação de responsáveis pela política pública, incumbe sobremaneira ao juízo de primeira instância, que, devido à proximidade geográfica da área objeto do conflito, propicia a realização de diligências no local, é responsável pela sua identificação como coletivo. Como resultado, pode-se observar que o caráter privado atribuído aos litígios possessórios, sem o reconhecimento de que se trata de uma questão estrutural, também é refletido na forma de atuação do grupo, que realiza apenas uma ou duas sessões de mediação em cada caso, desconsiderando-se que se trata de uma política pública que demanda o acompanhamento e fiscalização por parte dos interessados e pelo próprio grupo. Por fim, foram feitas sugestões procedimentais aos litígios relativos a políticas públicas com vistas ao aprimoramento do grupo e, também, da autoridade judiciária atuante em um conflito coletivo pela posse.
The Brazilian urbanization process, coupled with the malfunctioning of public housing policies in a privatized property context, leads vulnerable and/or underprivileged groups to socio-spatial segregation, which is reinforced by the realization of construction works, developments, administrative or judicial actions that may result in the forced removal of the population from the area object of the conflict. The present work is part of a field of studies that seeks to investigate the material and procedural aspects of the guarantees of rights. The material aspect is embodied in the analysis of the judicial realization of rights, especially the right to housing, and the procedural aspect, in the procedural strategies for the guarantee of rights. The general objective of this study is to analyze the potential and the limits of the Support Group for repossession orders (GAORP), in the São Paulo State Court of Justice, in order to identify the results of its work, especially in minimizing violations of rights. The specific objective is to identify the cases in which GAORP acted and the qualitative analysis of this performance. Methodologically, a qualitative-quantitative empirical socio-legal research is proposed, using as methods a bibliographic review and a documentary analysis, with the collection of data provided by official documents, through a search on the site of the Court of Justice of São Paulo, e-saj. It is hoped, therefore, to broaden the dialogue of a legal dogmatics that is aware of its political-social function in the violation and concretization of rights. The analysis of the cases in which the group has acted reveals that the sui generis jurisdictional treatment explained in the civil procedural norm relative to collective litigation over ownership, with the mediation and participation of those responsible for the public policy, is the responsibility of the first instance court, which, due to the geographical proximity of the area that is the object of the conflict, which allows for on-site inspections, is responsible for identifying it as collective. As a result, it can be observed that the private character attributed to the possessory litigation, without the recognition that it is a structural issue, is also reflected in the way the group acts, which performs only one or two mediation sessions in each case, disregarding that it is a public policy that demands monitoring and inspection by the interested parties and by the group itself. Finally, procedural suggestions were made for disputes related to public policies with a view to improving the group and also the judicial authority acting in a collective conflict over tenure.
The Brazilian urbanization process, coupled with the malfunctioning of public housing policies in a privatized property context, leads vulnerable and/or underprivileged groups to socio-spatial segregation, which is reinforced by the realization of construction works, developments, administrative or judicial actions that may result in the forced removal of the population from the area object of the conflict. The present work is part of a field of studies that seeks to investigate the material and procedural aspects of the guarantees of rights. The material aspect is embodied in the analysis of the judicial realization of rights, especially the right to housing, and the procedural aspect, in the procedural strategies for the guarantee of rights. The general objective of this study is to analyze the potential and the limits of the Support Group for repossession orders (GAORP), in the São Paulo State Court of Justice, in order to identify the results of its work, especially in minimizing violations of rights. The specific objective is to identify the cases in which GAORP acted and the qualitative analysis of this performance. Methodologically, a qualitative-quantitative empirical socio-legal research is proposed, using as methods a bibliographic review and a documentary analysis, with the collection of data provided by official documents, through a search on the site of the Court of Justice of São Paulo, e-saj. It is hoped, therefore, to broaden the dialogue of a legal dogmatics that is aware of its political-social function in the violation and concretization of rights. The analysis of the cases in which the group has acted reveals that the sui generis jurisdictional treatment explained in the civil procedural norm relative to collective litigation over ownership, with the mediation and participation of those responsible for the public policy, is the responsibility of the first instance court, which, due to the geographical proximity of the area that is the object of the conflict, which allows for on-site inspections, is responsible for identifying it as collective. As a result, it can be observed that the private character attributed to the possessory litigation, without the recognition that it is a structural issue, is also reflected in the way the group acts, which performs only one or two mediation sessions in each case, disregarding that it is a public policy that demands monitoring and inspection by the interested parties and by the group itself. Finally, procedural suggestions were made for disputes related to public policies with a view to improving the group and also the judicial authority acting in a collective conflict over tenure.
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Palavras-chave
Direito à moradia, Remoção forçada, Litígio estrutural, Mediação, GAORP, Right to housing, Forced eviction, Structural litigation, Mediation