Avaliação do ruído e da vibração no posto de trabalho em dois tratores agrícolas
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Data
2009-03-05
Autores
Tosin, Ricardo Carvalho [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o ruído e a vibração ocupacional para a função de operador de máquina agrícola. As análises foram realizadas em dois tratores, um de 55,2 kW e outro de 80,9 kW, sendo utilizados três tipos de pistas: uma de asfalto, uma de concreto e uma de solo firme; quatro pressões de inflação dos pneus dos tratores: 103,4 kPa, 137,9 kPa, 172,4 kPa e 206,8 kPa; e em três marchas de operação: II-2, II-3 e II-4, que correspondem às respectivas velocidades médias de 1,0 m/s, 1,4 m/s e 1,9 m/s. A análise da vibração foi feita no corpo inteiro, na posição sentada e nos membros superiores, utilizando um acelerômetro. A vibração no corpo inteiro foi obtida por meio de um acelerômetro fixado ao assento do operador, e a vibração nos membros superiores foi obtida por meio da fixação do acelerômetro no pulso do operador. O aumento da vibração foi diretamente proporcional ao aumento da potência no trator. O tempo levado para entrar no nível de alerta vibracional, assim como no nível limite, é inversamente proporcional à velocidade de deslocamento do trator. A velocidade média de 1,9 m/s não permitiu o trabalho por oito ou mais horas diárias. As pistas de asfalto e solo firme absorveram mais as vibrações geradas pelo trator do que a pista de concreto. A velocidade média de 1,0 m/s gera menor vibração ao operador. A pressão de inflação do rodado agrícola de 206,8 kPa absorve em maior quantidade a vibração gerada pelo trator. A sensação de conforto do operador do trator piorou quando houve o aumento da velocidade de deslocamento e da potência do motor e a diminuição da pressão de inflação do rodado agrícola. O nível de pressão sonora gerada pelo trator não foi influenciado pelo tipo de solo, pressão de inflação dos pneus agrícolas e da velocidade média, sendo apenas 2 influenciado pela potência do motor...
The aim of this research was to study the occupational noise and vibration to the agricultural machine operator. The analyses took place in two types of tractors, one with 55,2 kW, and other with 80,9 kW, in three different soil surfaces: asphalt, concrete and hard soil; with four different tire inflation pressure in the tractors tires: 103,4 kPa, 137,9 kPa, 172,4 kPa and 206,8 kPa; with three different gears: II-2, II-3 and II-4, each one corresponding to the respectively media velocity of 1,0 m/s, 1,4 m/s and 1,9 m/s. The vibration analysis was made over the whole body and hands-arms. The noise level was measured through the sounding pressure in time and transformed by the equivalent noise level. The whole body vibration was obtained using the accelerometer in the seat, and the hands-arms vibration was obtained using the accelerator in the operator’s fist. The vibration rise was proportional to the tractor power rise. The time it took to enter the in vibration alert level, and so to enter the limit level, is indirectly proportional to the tractor dislocation velocity. The media velocity of 1,9 m/s did not allow 8 hours of work in a day. The asphalt and hard soil surfaces absorbed more vibrations generated by the tractor than the concrete soil. The media velocity of 1,0 m/s generates minor vibration to the operator. The 206,8 kPa tire inflation pressure absorbs a bigger vibration amount generated by the agricultural machine. The 4 operator comfort got worse with the increasement of dislocation velocity and engine power, and with the tire inflation decrease in the agricultural machine. The noise sound pressure generated by the tractor was not influenced by the type of soil, neither tire inflation of the agricultural machine, nor the average velocity, but I has been influenced by the engine power and if the tractor had or not a cabin, and the existence or not of this cabin was the most important factor to the operator noise exposition.
The aim of this research was to study the occupational noise and vibration to the agricultural machine operator. The analyses took place in two types of tractors, one with 55,2 kW, and other with 80,9 kW, in three different soil surfaces: asphalt, concrete and hard soil; with four different tire inflation pressure in the tractors tires: 103,4 kPa, 137,9 kPa, 172,4 kPa and 206,8 kPa; with three different gears: II-2, II-3 and II-4, each one corresponding to the respectively media velocity of 1,0 m/s, 1,4 m/s and 1,9 m/s. The vibration analysis was made over the whole body and hands-arms. The noise level was measured through the sounding pressure in time and transformed by the equivalent noise level. The whole body vibration was obtained using the accelerometer in the seat, and the hands-arms vibration was obtained using the accelerator in the operator’s fist. The vibration rise was proportional to the tractor power rise. The time it took to enter the in vibration alert level, and so to enter the limit level, is indirectly proportional to the tractor dislocation velocity. The media velocity of 1,9 m/s did not allow 8 hours of work in a day. The asphalt and hard soil surfaces absorbed more vibrations generated by the tractor than the concrete soil. The media velocity of 1,0 m/s generates minor vibration to the operator. The 206,8 kPa tire inflation pressure absorbs a bigger vibration amount generated by the agricultural machine. The 4 operator comfort got worse with the increasement of dislocation velocity and engine power, and with the tire inflation decrease in the agricultural machine. The noise sound pressure generated by the tractor was not influenced by the type of soil, neither tire inflation of the agricultural machine, nor the average velocity, but I has been influenced by the engine power and if the tractor had or not a cabin, and the existence or not of this cabin was the most important factor to the operator noise exposition.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ergonomia, Vibração - Medição, Ruido - Efeito fisiologico, Tratores agricolas, Ergonomic, Tires, Velocity speed
Como citar
TOSIN, Ricardo Carvalho. Avaliação do ruído e da vibração no posto de trabalho em dois tratores agrícolas. 2009. v, 140 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.