Memória Cultural e Educação Escolar: um exame a partir da teoria do Círculo de Bakhtin, Volochínov e Medvedev
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Data
2016-03-11
Autores
Gomes, Marcela Lopes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a memória cultural humana e suas relações com a educação escolar. Norteamos a investigação pelo objetivo geral de explorar as reflexões de Bakhtin, Volochínov e Medvedev relacionadas à memória no âmbito da educação e pelos seguintes objetivos específicos: compreender o processo de desenvolvimento da memória cultural na ontogênese humana; analisar a concepção de memória subjacente à obra do Círculo e outros conceitos a ela relacionados; verificar as possibilidades contidas nessa concepção, com referência à apropriação dos conhecimentos produzidos pelo conjunto da humanidade na educação escolar. Dessa forma, partimos da hipótese de que a concepção acerca da constituição dialógica da linguagem e a teoria dos gêneros discursivos desenvolvidos pelo Círculo de Bakhtin, Volochínov e Medvedev oferecem subsídios à compreensão do caráter mediado da memória humana e de seu papel na educação escolar. Para tanto, realizamos uma investigação de cunho teórico-bibliográfico. Nos estudos da psicologia histórico-cultural, encontramos a fundamentação sobre o processo de desenvolvimento cultural da memória na ontogênese humana. Dessa forma, constatamos que a apropriação dos signos mnemotécnicos é o elemento determinante do processo de desenvolvimento da memória cultural ou mediada. Ancorados nas reflexões do Círculo de Bakhtin, verificamos que a constituição dialógica da linguagem é uma condição para o processo de memorização mediada, na medida em que o ser humano apropria-se dos signos mnemotécnicos no contato com as pessoas ao seu redor, ou seja, no processo de comunicação. Ademais, constatamos que obras da cultura humana conservam potenciais semânticos ou uma memória dos significados, como também os gêneros do discurso acumulam modos de transmissão da experiência humana, mas para explorá-los é preciso a apropriação do patrimônio cultural humano, no qual eles existem e estão manifestos ou latentes. Portanto, a apropriação das objetivações do gênero humano constitui o conteúdo fundamental do desenvolvimento das características humanas historicamente constituídas, o que nos permitiu afirmar, com base na pedagogia histórico-crítica, a relevância da educação escolar na promoção do desenvolvimento humano, em especial da memória cultural, mediante a socialização das objetivações humano-genéricas.
This research has as an objective, the study of cultural human memory and its relationship to school education. We focused the investigation on the general goal of exploring the thoughts of the Bakhtin, Volochínov and Medvedev in memory-related education and by the following specific objectives: understand the development process of cultural memory in human ontogeny; analyze the design of memory underlying the work of the Circle and other concepts related to it; check the possibilities contained in this conception, with reference to the appropriation of the knowledge produced by humanity in school education. In this way, we start from the hypothesis that the conception of the dialogical constitution of language and the theory of discursive genres by Bakhtin, Volochínov and Medvedev Circle offer subsidies on understanding human memory mediated character and its role in school education. Next, we did an investigation of theoretical-bibliographical study. It was encountered that the basis of the process of cultural development of memory in human ontogenesis in the studies of cultural-historical psychology. Then, we noticed that the appropriation of mnemonic signs is the decisive factor in the development process of cultural or mediated memory. Based on the studies of Bakhtin, Medvedev and Volochínov, it was found that the dialogical constitution of language is a condition for the mediated memorization process as the child borrows the mnemonic signs from contact with the people around him/her in the process of communication. Furthermore, it was noted that works of human culture preserve semantic potential or a memory of meanings, as well as the genres of discourse accumulate modes of transmission of human experience, but to exploit them it is required the appropriation of human cultural heritage, in which they are and are manifested or latent. Therefore, the appropriation of the objectification of mankind constitute the key content of the development of human traits historically constituted, which allowed us to affirm, on the basis of historical-critical pedagogy, the relevance of school education in the promotion of human development, in particular the cultural memory, through the socialization of human objectification.
This research has as an objective, the study of cultural human memory and its relationship to school education. We focused the investigation on the general goal of exploring the thoughts of the Bakhtin, Volochínov and Medvedev in memory-related education and by the following specific objectives: understand the development process of cultural memory in human ontogeny; analyze the design of memory underlying the work of the Circle and other concepts related to it; check the possibilities contained in this conception, with reference to the appropriation of the knowledge produced by humanity in school education. In this way, we start from the hypothesis that the conception of the dialogical constitution of language and the theory of discursive genres by Bakhtin, Volochínov and Medvedev Circle offer subsidies on understanding human memory mediated character and its role in school education. Next, we did an investigation of theoretical-bibliographical study. It was encountered that the basis of the process of cultural development of memory in human ontogenesis in the studies of cultural-historical psychology. Then, we noticed that the appropriation of mnemonic signs is the decisive factor in the development process of cultural or mediated memory. Based on the studies of Bakhtin, Medvedev and Volochínov, it was found that the dialogical constitution of language is a condition for the mediated memorization process as the child borrows the mnemonic signs from contact with the people around him/her in the process of communication. Furthermore, it was noted that works of human culture preserve semantic potential or a memory of meanings, as well as the genres of discourse accumulate modes of transmission of human experience, but to exploit them it is required the appropriation of human cultural heritage, in which they are and are manifested or latent. Therefore, the appropriation of the objectification of mankind constitute the key content of the development of human traits historically constituted, which allowed us to affirm, on the basis of historical-critical pedagogy, the relevance of school education in the promotion of human development, in particular the cultural memory, through the socialization of human objectification.
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Palavras-chave
Memória cultural, Educação escolar, Círculo de Bakhtin, Dialogismo, Gêneros do discurso, Cultural memory, School education, Bakhtin Circle, Dialogism, Genres of discourse