Osseointegração de implantes porosos de titânio submetidos ao tratamento biomimético
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Data
2011-07-04
Autores
Leite, Daniel de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, as pesquisas em Implantodontia enfatizam modificações na superfície dos implantes, visando melhorar a osseointegração. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da porosidade, bem como do tratamento biomimético (TB), na osteogênese in vivo em implantes de titânio. Foram confeccionados, por meio da metalurgia do pó, implantes de titânio puro grau 2, que foram divididos em seis grupos: a) G1: denso; b) G2: 40% de porosidade; c) G3: 50% de porosidade; d) G4: G1 + TB; e) G5: G2 + TB; f) G6: G3 + TB. Inicialmente, as amostras foram caracterizadas por análise metalográfica e por espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS). Em seguida, os implantes foram inseridos nas tíbias de dezesseis coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, para avaliar a reparação óssea peri-implantar, por meio de análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Como padronização, os implantes G1, G2 e G3 foram inseridos na tíbia direita e G4, G5 e G6 na esquerda. Quatro coelhos, selecionados aleatoriamente, foram submetidos à eutanásia, 01, 02, 04 e 08 semanas após a cirurgia. Os dados da análise metalográfica foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis e a análise histomorfométrica foi avaliada pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os resultados da metalografia confirmaram porosidade de 40 e 50%, e revelaram poros com tamanho médio de 370 μm e interconexão entre os mesmos. Na análise por EDS foi observada a presença de íons Ca e P, caracterizando o sucesso do TB. Na análise histológica observou-se neoformação óssea, inclusive para o interior dos poros, independente do tipo de implante ou do tempo. Na análise histomorfométrica, verificou-se maior neoformação óssea em G5 e G6, e menor em G1, sendo que ambas as condições mostraram diferença estaticamente significante em relação aos demais grupos. Concluiu-se que o TB associado à porosidade exerce influência positiva na neoformação óssea.
Researches in implantodontology have been recently focusing on implant surface modifications aiming to improve osseointegration. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate in vivo the influence of titanium implants surface porosity and surface biomimetic treatment (BT) on osteogenesis. Grade 2 pure titanium implants were fabricated by means of powder metallurgy and divided into six groups: a) G1: dense; b) G2: porosity of 40%; c) G3: porosity of 50%; d) G4: G1 + BT; e) G5: G2 + BT; and f) G6: G3 + BT. The samples were initially characterized by metallographic analysis and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The implants were then placed into the tibia of sixteen New Zealand rabbits in order to evaluate the peri-implant bone repair by means of histological and histomorphometric analyses. As standardization, implants from groups G1, G2 and G3 were inserted into right tibias; while G4, G5 and G6 into left ones. Four randomly chosen rabbits underwent euthanasia 01, 02, 04 and 8 weeks after surgery. The results from metallographic analysis were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and the histomorphometric results by ANOVA and Tukey tests. Metallographic results confirmed porosity between 40 and 50%, and revealed mean pore size of 370 μm and interconnection among them. EDS analysis detected the presence of Ca and P ions, confirming BT success. Bone neoformation, including into the pores, was detected by the histological analysis regardless the type of implant or evaluated period. By the histomorphometric analysis, bone neoformation was statistically greater for G5 and G6 and statistically lesser for G1 in comparison to the other groups. It was concluded that BT associated with porosity exerts positive influence on bone neoformation.
Researches in implantodontology have been recently focusing on implant surface modifications aiming to improve osseointegration. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate in vivo the influence of titanium implants surface porosity and surface biomimetic treatment (BT) on osteogenesis. Grade 2 pure titanium implants were fabricated by means of powder metallurgy and divided into six groups: a) G1: dense; b) G2: porosity of 40%; c) G3: porosity of 50%; d) G4: G1 + BT; e) G5: G2 + BT; and f) G6: G3 + BT. The samples were initially characterized by metallographic analysis and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The implants were then placed into the tibia of sixteen New Zealand rabbits in order to evaluate the peri-implant bone repair by means of histological and histomorphometric analyses. As standardization, implants from groups G1, G2 and G3 were inserted into right tibias; while G4, G5 and G6 into left ones. Four randomly chosen rabbits underwent euthanasia 01, 02, 04 and 8 weeks after surgery. The results from metallographic analysis were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and the histomorphometric results by ANOVA and Tukey tests. Metallographic results confirmed porosity between 40 and 50%, and revealed mean pore size of 370 μm and interconnection among them. EDS analysis detected the presence of Ca and P ions, confirming BT success. Bone neoformation, including into the pores, was detected by the histological analysis regardless the type of implant or evaluated period. By the histomorphometric analysis, bone neoformation was statistically greater for G5 and G6 and statistically lesser for G1 in comparison to the other groups. It was concluded that BT associated with porosity exerts positive influence on bone neoformation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Implantes dentarios endoosseos, Osseointegração, Titanio, Implantes, Osteogênese, Osteocondução, Titanium, Osteogenesis, Osteoconduction, Implants
Como citar
LEITE, Daniel de Oliveira. Osseointegração de implantes porosos de titânio submetidos ao tratamento biomimético. 2011. 92 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos., 2011.