Análise do desenvolvimento da atividade da criança em seu primeiro ano de vida
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Data
2011-08-30
Autores
Magalhães, Giselle Modé [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa visa acrescentar contribuições da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural aos processos pedagógicos da Educação Infantil, tomando como objeto o estudo do desenvolvimento da atividade da criança em seu primeiro ano de vida, posto que a compreensão do desenvolvimento humano faz-se fundamental para a organização dos processos de ensino. Compreendendo o desenvolvimento humano como histórico-social, o problema de pesquisa refere-se à atualidade da caracterização do desenvolvimento proposta por Elkonin em seu texto “Sobre el problema de la periodización del desarrollo psíquico en la infância”, transcorrido meio século de sua elaboração. A caracterização em questão ainda se mantém atual? Existem mudanças significativas em relação à dinâmica operacional das crianças pertencentes ao terceiro milênio? Para a fundamentação teórico-metodológica deste estudo, tomou-se a dinâmica da atividade-guia, tal como proposta por Leontiev, à luz da qual Elkonin sistematizou sua teoria acerca da periodização do desenvolvimento humano e propôs a atividade de comunicação emocional direta com o adulto como guia para o desenvolvimento do bebê. Para tanto, realizou-se uma investigação observacional, na qual foram filmadas 12 crianças entre quatro e 11 meses de idade ao longo de toda a rotina semanal dentro de instituições de ensino públicas em duas cidades do interior do estado de São Paulo. A primeira coleta de dados foi realizada em 2006 e a segunda em 2009. As imagens apreendidas da realidade foram transcritas e delas elencados os episódios sob análise, ou seja, sequências de operações referentes a uma mesma ação realizada pela criança. Os episódios foram caracterizados, quantificados e transformados em categorias de análise, correspondentes a grupos de episódios que compreendem...
Considering the comprehension of human development as fundamental for the organization of teaching processes, this investigation intends to add contributions from Cultural-historical Psychology to pedagogical processes in early years education, taking as its object the development of the child during the first year of life. Starting from the understanding that human development is a socio-historical process, our research problem refers to the validity of Elkonin‟s characterization of the stages of child development half century after the elaboration of this problem presented in his paper “Toward the problem of stages in the mental development of the child”. Theoretical and methodological fundamentals for this study derive from the dynamics of leading activity as proposed by Leontiev, from where Elkonin formulated his theory on human development periodization. Therefore, this study analyzes the activity of direct emotional contact with adults, conceptualized by Elkonin as the dominant activity that leads the development of babies during their first year of life. Observations in day-care centers in two cities located in the country side of São Paulo State – Brazil were carried out in 2006 and 2009. 13 children from 4 to 11 months of age were filmed during a weekly routine. The transcription of the images resulted in the selection of episodes, constituted by sequences of operations integrating one same action realized by the child. The episodes were submitted to analysis, including processes of categorization and quantification, leading to the definition of categories of analysis, which correspond to groups of episodes that refer to similar processes in child psychic development: eye contact, contact with objects, contact with oneself (manipulation of child‟s own body), locomotion and motor equilibrium, speech. Results show that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Considering the comprehension of human development as fundamental for the organization of teaching processes, this investigation intends to add contributions from Cultural-historical Psychology to pedagogical processes in early years education, taking as its object the development of the child during the first year of life. Starting from the understanding that human development is a socio-historical process, our research problem refers to the validity of Elkonin‟s characterization of the stages of child development half century after the elaboration of this problem presented in his paper “Toward the problem of stages in the mental development of the child”. Theoretical and methodological fundamentals for this study derive from the dynamics of leading activity as proposed by Leontiev, from where Elkonin formulated his theory on human development periodization. Therefore, this study analyzes the activity of direct emotional contact with adults, conceptualized by Elkonin as the dominant activity that leads the development of babies during their first year of life. Observations in day-care centers in two cities located in the country side of São Paulo State – Brazil were carried out in 2006 and 2009. 13 children from 4 to 11 months of age were filmed during a weekly routine. The transcription of the images resulted in the selection of episodes, constituted by sequences of operations integrating one same action realized by the child. The episodes were submitted to analysis, including processes of categorization and quantification, leading to the definition of categories of analysis, which correspond to groups of episodes that refer to similar processes in child psychic development: eye contact, contact with objects, contact with oneself (manipulation of child‟s own body), locomotion and motor equilibrium, speech. Results show that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação, Educação de crianças, Education
Como citar
MAGALHÃES, Giselle Modé. Análise do desenvolvimento da atividade da criança em seu primeiro ano de vida. 2011. 128 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara, 2011.