Investigation of the structural and microstructural properties of Gd3+-modified BaTiO3 ceramics
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Structural and microstructural properties of lead-free BaBa1− xGdxTiO3 ceramics are investigated. The results confirm the formation of the ferroelectric phase, for all the cases, revealing a decrease in the unit-cell volume (V) with the increase of the gadolinium concentration, which can be associated to the difference between the ionic-radii of the involved ions (Gd3+ and Ba2+). A decrease in the average grain-size, with the increase of the Gd3+ content, was associated to the pinning effect (typical of rare-earths) due to the contribution of minor additional phase, which is not easily detectable by X-ray diffraction technique at very low dopant concentrations.
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Barium titanate, ceramics, Pechini’s method, structural properties
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Inglês
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Ferroelectrics, v. 545, n. 1, p. 47-54, 2019.
