Perturbative aspects of mass dimension one fermions non-minimally coupled to electromagnetic field

Abstract

This paper addresses perturbative aspects of the renormalization of a fermion with mass dimension one non-minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field. Specifically, we calculate the one-loop corrections to the propagators and vertex functions of the model and determine the one-loop beta function of the non-minimal electromagnetic coupling. Additionally, we perform calculations of the two-loop corrections to the gauge field propagator, demonstrating that it remains massless and transverse up to this order. We also find that the non-minimal electromagnetic coupling can exhibit asymptotic freedom if a certain condition is satisfied. As a potential dark matter candidate, these findings suggest that the field may decouple at high energies. This aspect holds significance for calculating the relic abundance and freeze-out temperature of the field, particularly in relation to processes involving the ordinary particles of the Standard Model.