Cryptocarya moschata fractions decrease planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Extracts of Cryptocarya species have been shown to reduce biofilms, demonstrating their antimicrobial effects. The extracts can be fractionated to optimize their potential. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Cryptocarya moschata fractions against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Four fractions were prepared: 100% hexane, acetate/hexane 1:1, 100% ethyl acetate, and water. The effect of the fractions on planktonic cells was assessed by counting the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Biofilm tests included CFU/mL, cell metabolic activity, and qualitative analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test (α = 0.05). The fractions contained lipophilic constituents, styrylpyrones, glycosylated flavonoids, and alkaloids. Acetate/hexane (1:1) and 100% ethyl acetate fractions reduced the CFU/mL of planktonic C. albicans. C. moschata fractions did not affect planktonic S. mutans. For biofilms, the fractions reduced the CFU/mL (from 2–5 logs) and cell metabolic activity (approximately 80% reduction in a single-species biofilm). CLSM showed the fractions reduced microorganism viability and damaged the extracellular matrix of biofilms. We conclude that the acetate/hexane 1:1 and 100% ethyl acetate C. moschata fractions exhibit antimicrobial effects against biofilms.