Stabilization of bright solitons and vortex solitons in a trapless three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate by temporal modulation of the scattering length

The stability of bright solitons and vortex solitons in a trapless three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) was investigated using rapid periodic temporal modulation of scattering length. The stability under transverse perturbation could be tested by a calculation in Cartesian coordinates. The degrees of freedom are found to be partially suppressed in limit of a very strong azimuthal trap or a very weak radial trap when vortex dynamics becomes essentially two dimensional. The results show that spatiotemporal solitons of nonlinear optics in three dimensions could also be stabilized in a layered Kerr medium with sign-changing nonlinearity along propagation direction.