Hollow cylindrical droplets in a very strongly dipolar condensate

Abstract

A harmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) leads to topologically trivial compact states. Because of the long-range nonlocal dipole–dipole interaction, a strongly dipolar BEC revealed many novel phenomena. Here we show that in a strongly dipolar BEC one can have a hollow cylindrical quasi-one-dimensional metastable droplet with ring topology while the system is trapped only in the x - y plane by a harmonic potential and a Gaussian hill potential at the center and untrapped along the polarization z axis. In this numerical investigation we use the imaginary-time propagation of a mean-field model where we include the Lee–Huang–Yang interaction, suitably modified for dipolar systems. Being metastable, these droplets are weakly stable and we use real-time propagation to investigate its dynamics and establish stability.