Functionalization of nanostructured Niobium oxide with natural antioxidants for biomedical purposes

Abstract

Niobium (Nb), a transition metal recognized for its chemical stability, corrosion resistance, and potential in biocompatible materials for biomedical use. Despite its advantages, its technological applications remain underexplored. In this context, the present study aims to broaden the applications of niobium by synthesizing and functionalizing nanostructured niobium oxide with distinct natural antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, tannic acid, and quercetin. This approach is based on the synergistic properties of these biomolecules, which exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. When combined with the inherent properties of niobium, this strategy is expected to produce unprecedented and innovative nanostructured systems for biomedical purposes. Non-functionalized and functionalized samples were characterized regarding their electrical charge properties, morphology, structure, and crystallinity using techniques such as Zeta potential analysis, Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction. The results indicate the successful formation of nanostructured materials based on hydrated niobium pentoxide, a characteristic that was preserved even after functionalization with the antioxidant compounds. Cell viability assays demonstrated that samples functionalized with antioxidants exhibit reduced interference with cell viability compared to their non-functionalized counterparts. Furthermore, the nanostructured systems were evaluated for their antibacterial properties, demonstrating both bactericidal and antibiofilm activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The synthesis and functionalization of nanostructured niobium materials, as proposed in this study, present a promising strategy for expanding the application of niobium in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.Graphical Abstract