Investigation of landslide hazard areas in the municipality of Cunha (Brazil) and climate projections from 2024 to 2040

Climate change can modify the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall across the globe, leading to changes in hazards posed by rainfall-induced landslides. In Brazil, an example of a location with a high occurrence of landslides and with few studies on the subject is the municipality of Cunha, located in the State of São Paulo. In this way, the main aims of this study are twofold: 1) to identify and analyze areas susceptible to landslides and rainfall-induced landslide hazard in the municipality of Cunha; and 2) by using climate projections from the regional model Eta-HadGEM2-ES under RCP 4.5, to predict new extreme events and possible new landslides in this municipality, from 2024 to 2040. The susceptibility map has been prepared using selected physical-biotic environment elements whereas the hazard map has been produced using precipitation data. Using Eta-HadGEM2-ES climate projections under RCP 4.5, for precipitation events, results project the occurrence of 49 days with landslides for the period between 2024 and 2040. The outcomes of this study are considered of extreme relevance for the local community, public authorities, and decision-makers, to raise awareness regarding future urban planning strategies to prevent and mitigate the effects of catastrophes arising from natural hazard-induced disasters.